28 
BULLETIN 933, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
undergrowth of young elm, hackberry, and Crataegus, but not of 
walnut. 
Table 9. 
Diameter 
breast high. 
Number of trees 
per acre. 
Yield 
per acre 
of wal- 
nut. 
Walnut. 
Other 
species. 1 
Indies. 
Below 8. . . 
8 to 10 
10 to 12.... 
12 to 14.... 
14 to 16.... 
16 to 18.... 
18 to 20.... 
20 to 22... . 
22 to 24.... 
24 to 26.... 
4 
6 
12 
4 
2 
8 
8 

1 
2 
Board 
feet. 
2 
i 
80 
560 . 
2 
880 
230 
26 to 28 
28 to 30 . . 
30 to 32 
2 
Total.. 
45 
14 | 1,750 
i ' 
i Shagbark hickory, Kentucky coffeetree, and white oak, in order of abundance. The two trees 30 to 
32 inches in diameter were white oak. 
Of the trees over 8 inches in diameter, breast high, the stand con- 
tains, on an average, 23 merchantable walnut trees to the acre, 38 
unmerchantable walnuts, and 8 other trees (hackberry, burr oak, 
and Kentucky coffeetree). The merchantable trees average 2.45 logs 
to the tree, or 24.5 feet of merchantable length. The average log- 
contains 55 board feet. Each tree, therefore, averages 135 board feet, 
and the merchantable stand to the acre is 3,275 board feet. . These 
figures are based on 208 logs that had been cut and were actually 
scaled. This stand was too small to show maximum productivity, 
but it indicates what may actually be secured in 60 years in western 
river-bottom lands. 
MEASURING LOGS AND ESTIMATING STANDING TIMBER. 
MEASURING LOGS. 
The Doyle rule (Table 10) is in general use for scaling walnut logs, 
and has been used in this bulletin in all computations involving board 
feet. This rule penalizes small logs very heavily, and does not at all 
represent the amount that can actually be sawed from them. . With 
the present run of logs averaging TO to 80 feet to the log, 1,000 feet 
scaled in the log by the Doyle rule will cut about 1,400 feet of lumber. 
In logs about 25 inches in diameter the Doyle scale represents closely 
the actual amount that can be cut in walnut of good quality. 
ESTIMATING STANDING TIMBER. 
T>ecause of the high value, scattered occurrence, and variation in 
form, of black-walnut trees, estimates of their volume are noAv made, 
not by the "cruising" methods commonly practiced in the timber 
