BLACK WALNUT '. ITS GROWTH AND MANAGEMENT. 
27 
The second example is that of a small grove of 48-year-old walnut 
mixed with younger trees of other species, in Hendricks County, Ind. 
The grove occupies six-tenths of an acre and is in a pasture adjoin- 
ing a mixed hardwood stand of shagbark and bitternut hickory, 
white oak, elm, sycamore, and an occasional black walnut. This 
grove apparently illustrates the invasion of meadowland by the 
forest, in the progress of which walnut was the leader, the associated 
species being mostly young trees which came in after the walnut was 
established. The stand is still too small to show a large yield in 
board feet, (See Table 8.) 
Table 8. 
Diameter 
breast high. 
Number of trees 
per acre. 
Walnut 
yield 
per acre. 
Walnut. 
Other 
species. 1 
Inches. 
Below 8. . . 
8 to 10 
10 to 12.... 
12 to 14.... 
14 to 16.... 
16 to 18.... 
18 to 20.... 
Total. . 
5.2 
8.6 
6.9 
10.4 
8.6 
6.9 
15.5 
3.4 
1.7 
10.4 
Board- 
feet. 
344 
483 
187 
1.7 
48.3 ' 31.0 
1,014 
1 Elm, shagbark, white oak, bitternut, and hackberry, in the order of abundance. 
Another stand of much the same form was found in Hendricks 
County, Ind., growing under similar conditions in a pastured area. 
Originally this stand fringed a mixed hardwood stand very similar 
to the previous example, but the timber has been largely removed. 
This walnut stand is not quite pure, but has a slight admixture of 
hickory, oak, and Kentucky coffeetree, along with seedlings of ash 
and Kentucky coffeetree. There is an excellent sod, and the area is 
grazed by cattle. The walnut stand occupies half an acre. The age 
of the stand is not known, but it is evident that it is still immature 
and will have a very much greater value in 20 or 30 years. (See 
Table 9.) 
Another walnut grove in Jefferson County, Kans., shows that 
stands of this kind are by no means limited to the Ohio Valley. 
This stand, which is about 60 years old, and nearly even aged, is 
located on the bottom lands of Cedar Creek, on an area of about 15 
acres, bounded on the south by Cedar Creek and on the north by corn 
land. This land is subject to overflow for a few days in exceptional 
years, but usually it is above high water. The soil is a deep, dark 
loam, which gives excellent corn yields in the adjoining fields. The 
stand has not been grazed, and there is a considerable amount of 
