36 BULLETIN" 885, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
nondiaspine scale insects or plant-lice which seem to excrete far more 
honeydew than does the black fly. 
FIFTH INSTAR, ADULT OR IMAGO. 
When the adult (PL IX) is ready to emerge from the pupa case a 
T-shaped split appears at its anterior portion, the stem of which arises 
at the middle of the anterior margin and extends caudad along the 
median dorsal line to the Junction of the thorax and abdomen. The 
arms of this T-shaped split extend to the right and left along the 
suture separating the thorax and abdomen. This split is visible from 
one-half hour to an hour before the adult begins to push forth. In 
emerging the adults push against this split, causing it to spread wider 
and wider open, and by a wriggling and up-and-down movement, 
interspersed with numerous rests to allow for some hardening of the 
various parts of the body, they finally succeed in escaping. Often 
they fall out in spite of desperate efforts to cling to the leaf and drop 
to the ground, where many probably die or fall victims to such 
insects as the ants. The time taken for normal emergence is from 
14 minutes to one-half hour, though under dry conditions it may be 
as long as an hour and a half, or the insect may die without being 
able to escape. 
The adults after freeing themselves from the pupa case usually 
rest beside it until various parts of their body become hardened, the 
only movements being more or less nervous ones, such as twitchings 
of the legs or wings to speed this process along. 
When the adults first emerge the greater part of the body, i. e., the 
head, thorax, and abdomen, are a bright brick-red in color, with the 
front of the head (the vertex) pale yellow, the antennae and legs 
whitish, and the eyes a deep red or reddish brown. The wings begin 
to fill out and are full size in from 18 to 30 minutes after the insect 
has emerged. In cases where the adults have trouble in freeing 
themselves from their pupa cases, the wings begin filling out, never- 
theless, and thus may become crippled. After about one hour, the 
head, thorax, wings (with the exception of the colorless or whitish 
areas), and legs are quite dusky, but the sutures on the thorax and 
the entire abdomen remain a brick-red in color and the antennas more 
or less whitish tinged with pale yellow. The eyes become a deep 
reddish brown. Within 6 to 12 hours the adults are fully colored, 
the color being merely an intensification of that previously set forth, 
the sutures of the thorax becoming smoky. 
Within 24 hours after emergence, the insects become covered with 
a heavy pulverulence so that they have a general slaty blue appear- 
ance, with the colorless spots on the wings, when these are at rest, 
forming what appears to be a white band across the middle of the 
dorsum. 
