THE BLACK FLY OF CITEUS. 6 
national Code of Nomenclature, Ashby 's name must stand as the 
author of the species. Quaint ance and Baker (31) have written 
the first and only technical description of Aleurocanthus woglumi, 
although the material that they had at hand did not permit their 
describing the first to third larval instars of this insect. The com- 
plete descriptions of all stages of the insect prepared by one of these 
authorities are included in this report. 
LITERATURE. 
There are 33 references to Aleurocanthus woglumi in literature. 
Among the most important of these is the work of Johnston (16, 17), 
Cardin (7-11), and Hutson (12-15) in Cuba; Ashby (2,3) and Ritchie 
(33, 34) in Jamaica; and that of Quaintance and Baker (31, 32) in 
the United States. Others who have contributed to the literature 
are Arango (1) in Cuba; Ballou (4) in Barbados; Bragdon (5), 
Montgomery (19), Newell (22-29), Pierce (30), and Watson (35) in 
the United States; McCormack (18, p. 30) in Panama; and Zetek 
(37) in Costa Rica. An unpublished work by Morrison in the files 
of the Bureau of Entomology covers his observations in Jamaica 
and Cuba and records his finding the insect for the first time in the 
Canal Zone. This report has been freely consulted and used by the 
authors. 
No comprehensive publication on the black fly, however, has 
appeared to date. 
A bibliography of the literature cited is given on pages 53 to 55. 
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION. 
Aleurocanthus woglumi unquestionably originated in the East Indies 
and from there it has been introduced into the Tropics of the New 
World, over which it is now spreading. It was first found in India 
by Maxwell-Lefroy in June, 1910. In the same year it was found in 
Manila, P. I., by George Compere. In October, 1910, R. S. Woglum, 
of the Bureau of Entomology, in search of parasites of the citrus 
white fly (Dialeurodes citri Ashmead), found Aleurocanthus woglumi at 
the Royal Botanical Gardens, Ceylon, and it is in his honor that the 
species is named. From November, 1910, to June, 1911, Woglum 
found this insect at the following places in India: Gujranwala; Kalim- 
pong, Sikkim; Lahore and Nagpur, Central Province. In November, 
1913, Mr. A. Rutherford added Peradeniya, Ceylon, to the Old World 
distribution of the black fly. 
Aleurocanthus woglumi was first sent in to the Bureau of Entomology 
for determination from the New World in November, 1913, and Feb- 
ruary, 1914, by Col. C. Kitchner, from Half- Way, Jamaica. In May, 
1914, S. F. Ashby, microbiologist of the Department of Agricul- 
ture of Jamaica, sent in specimens of this pest from Kingston, and 
