4 BULLETIN" 365, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
poisoning in 30 minutes and death in 2 hours. A second lamb was 
given, hypodermically, one dram of the chloroform extract, and a 
third lamb received in a similar manner one dram of benzol extract. 
Both of these animals showed symptoms of poisoning in 15 minutes, 
but later recovered after having received, hypodermically, doses of 
atropine with inhalations of ammonia. 
Knowles, in 1897, in the " First Annual Report of the Board of 
Sheep Commissioners of Montana," speaks of the losses of both cattle 
and sheep and recommends as remedies ammonia, alcohol, atropine, 
digitalis, and nux vomica. He says that the most serious losses are 
among sheep. This article was issued apparently as a circular of 
the Montana State veterinarian's office in advance of the publica- 
tion of the report of the sheep commissioners. 
Chesnut, in his three publications of 1898, speaks of Delphinium 
tricorne Michx., D. geyeri Greene, D. menziesii D. C, D. recurvation 
Greene, D. scopulorum Gray, and D. trolliifolium Gray as poisonous 
to stock. Macoun. 1898, states in the Eeport on the Poison Weed of 
the Rocky Mountain Foothills that he examined the stomach con- 
tents of cattle that had died in the neighborhood of Calgary, making 
also an investigation of the plants of the region where the animals 
had died, and came to the conclusion that without doubt the deaths 
were caused by eating Delphinium scopulorum Gray. Willing, 
1899, states that a number of sheep are supposed to have died from 
larkspur poisoning in the Cypress Hills district. In Bulletin No. 
2 of the Government of the Northwest Territories, 1900, larkspur 
is discussed and the experience of Prof. Macoun is referred to, with 
quotations from Wilcox, 1897. 
Wilcox, 1899, discusses the tall larkspur as a poisonous plant for 
cattle in Montana. He describes the locations in which the plant 
grows, giving a general description of the plant itself, and states 
that the principal losses of cattle occur in the spring, after late 
snowstorms, when the larkspur is the only plant which appears above 
the snow. He does not think that any very large number of cattle 
are poisoned in any single year, but that the sum total of the loss 
is a rather serious matter, and recommends that the cattle be kept 
away from the larkspur areas, especially after spring snowstorms. 
In 1901 was published Chesnut and Wilcox's Stock-Poisoning 
Plants of Montana. This bulletin discusses in considerable detail 
Delphinium glaucum Wats, and D. hicolor Nutt. as poisonous plants, 
and details are given of the experimental feeding of these plants to 
rabbits and sheep. A series of experiments was made, using ex- 
tracts of tall larkspur, identified as Delphinium glaucum. These 
extracts were made in water and alcohol. In one of the experiments 
the expressed juice of the plant before flowering was fed directly 
into the stomach of a sheep. Symptoms of poisoning were noticed, 
