36 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
One 12-inch metal-pipe culvert 24 feet long was placed at a cost of $22.70. 
The total cost of the road, exclusive of drainage structures, was $713.46, 
which is at the rate of $0.070 per square yard, or $864.82 per mile. Labor costs 
$1.75 per day, foreman $2.50 per day, and teams $4 per day of nine hours. 
WoopForD, Vt.—Work was begun on an earth road running east from the city 
of Woodford toward Bennington on August 30. 19138, and completed on October 
25,1913. The time lost from various causes was 20 days.. The adjacent land is 
mountainous, and the natural soil is clay, which was used for surfacing. 
The road was graded 22 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 1,596 
feet. The maximum cut was 6 feet, the maximum fill 5 feet, and the maximum 
grade was reduced from 17 per cent to 8 per cent. 
Nine 12-inch and one 24-inch metal culverts and 396 feet of side drain were 
constructed. 
The total cost of the work, including culverts, was $686.24, or $0.201 per 
square yard. 5; 
RUTLAND CouNTY, VT. 
BITUMINOUS MACADAM. 
PittsrorD, VtT.—Work was begun on a bituminous macadam road on the 
main line from Pittsford to Rutland July 14, 1918, and completed November 1, 
1913, with a delay of 14 days for various causes. The adjacent land is hilly on 
the east and rolling on the west. The natural soil is sandy loam. 
The road was graded 30 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 1,544 
feet. The maximum cut was 1.2 feet, the maximum fill 8 feet, and the maxi- 
mum grade of 1.3 per cent on the old road was reduced to 0.8 per cent. <A sur- 
face of bituminous macadam was laid 16 feet wide, or for 2,745 square yards, in 
the following manner: Local crushed stone was placed in two 38-inch compacted 
courses. A bituminous material was then applied as a binder by the penetration 
method, using 14 gallons per square yard. A one-half gallon flush coat was 
finally applied. 
Three 18-inch corrugated-iron pipe culverts were laid. Two masonry culverts 
were repaired and lengthened, and a telford base was laid from station 4 to sta- 
tion 8+ 25. 
The total cost of the work, including culverts, was $3,420.99, which is at the 
rate of $11,698.87 per mile, or $1.246 per square yard. : 
GRAVEL ROADS, 
BENSON, VT. (No. 1).—Work was begun on a gravel road extending east 
from Benson, toward Hortonville, on September 2, 1913, and completed on 
September 20, 1918. Two days were lost on account of bad weather. The 
adjacent land is hilly and the natural soil is clay. 
The road was graded 26 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 462 
feet. The maximum cut was 1 foot; the maximum fill, 1.5 feet; the old maxi- 
mum grade, 3 per cent; and the new maximum grade, 1.3 per cent. A surface of 
gravel 21 feet in width, making 1,078 square yards, was placed. The gravel was 
obtained from pits alongside the road. 
One corrugated-iron pipe culvert 18 inches in diameter was placed. 
The total cost for the work was $184.88, or at the rate of $0.171 per square 
yard. 
