34 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
One 24-inch and two 12-inch metal culverts with concrete head walls were 
built, and a berm ditch of the flare type was used. 
The total cost of the work, including culverts, was $936.40, or $0.661 per 
square yard. 
STAMFORD, VT.—Work was begun on a “hardpan” gravel road extending 
northeast from Stamford toward Heartwellville on August 4, 1913, and com- 
pleted on August 30, 1913, with two days lost on account of rain. The adjacent 
land is hilly and the natural soil is loam. 
The road was graded 21 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 
1,419 feet. The maximum cut was 38 feet, the maximum fill 1 foot. A surface 
of hardpan from a near-by pit was laid 14 feet wide, making a surfaced area of 
2,207 square yards. 
Four hundred feet of blind drain was built. s 
The total cost of the work was $409.50, or $0.186 per square yard. 
WINHALL, VTt.—Work was begun on a “hardpan” gravel road extending east 
from Bondville toward Manchester on August 4, 19183, and completed on Sep- 
tember 27, 1913. Six days were lost on account of bad weather. The adjacent 
land was hilly and the natural soil is hardpan and bowlder ledges. 
The road was graded 21 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 
2,450 feet. The maximum cut was 20 feet, the maximum fill 6 feet, and the 
maximum grade of 14 per cent on the old road was reduced to 8 per cent. The 
road was surfaced with hardpan and gravel, obtained along the roadside. 
Two 12-inch and two 18-inch metal culverts, 22 feet long, were laid. 
The total cost of the work, including culverts, was $1,075.53. 
EARTH ROAD. 
PowNnatL, Vt. (No. 1).—Work was begun October 20, 1918, on an earth road 
extending south from Bennington to Pownal and was completed November 29, 
1913, with a loss of nine days on account of rain. The adjacent land is hilly 
and swampy and the soil a loam. 
The road was graded 20 feet wide in cuts and fills for a distance of 1,450 feet. 
~The maximum cut was 2 feet, the maximum fill 3 feet, and the grade was not 
changed. Material for a telford foundation was obtained from old stone walls 
along the roadside and laid 12 feet wide for 1,200 feet. After grading, the 
earth was then leveled over the rock. It was intended to surface this road 
with gravel later. 
The total cost of the work was $816.21, which is at the rate of $0.253 per 
square yard, or $2,942.50 per mile. Labor cost $1.75 per day; foreman, $2.50 
per day; and teams, $4.50 per day of nine hours. 
PowNaL, VT. (No. 2).—Work was begun on an earth road extending north 
from Pownal Center toward Bennington on May 5, 1913, and completed on 
September 6, 1913, with 15 days lost on account of rain and bad weather. The 
adjacent land is hilly and the natural soil is loam, bowlders, and gravel. 
The road was graded 22 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 
3,600 feet. The maximum cut was 24 feet, the maximum fill 3 feet, and the 
maximum grade of 8 per cent on the old road was reduced to 6 per cent, 
One 2 by 14 foot stone culvert was built at a cost of $14. 
The total cost of the work was $1,815.77, or $0.206 per square yard. 
READSBORO, VT. (No. 1).—Work was begun on an earth road extending east 
from Falls toward Readsboro on May 21, 1918, and completed on October 11, 
