22 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
total amount of excavation 1,693 cubic yards. The maximum grade of 3.69 
per cent was reduced to 3.52 per cent. The grubbing and clearing was so heavy 
the grading could not be economically done with blade graders. Earth was 
loosened with plow, moved by drag and wheeled scrapers, and spread by drags 
and by hand. No rolling was done. 
Drainage structures were constructed as follows: At 4+60 a 20-inch corru- 
gated-iron pipe, 24 feet long, costing $28.87; at 7+24 a 24-inch corrugated-iron 
pipe, 24 feet long, costing $85.88; at 138+-21 a reinforced-concrete box culvert, 
4 by 2.5 feet and 21 feet 8 inches long, containing 9.21 cubic yards, costing 
$107.86, or 11.71 per cubie yard. No head walls on pipe culverts. 
The equipment consisted of a road plow, drag scrapers, and four-wheeled 
scrapers. Labor cost $1.25 per day, foreman $2 per day, and man and team 
$3 per day of 10 hours. The total cost of the road, exclusive of drainage struc- 
tures, was $559.92, which is at the rate of $0.1225 per square yard. The prin- 
cipal items of cost were: Clearing and grubbing, $102.56; excavation, at $0.232 
per cubic yard; shaping, $0.00072 per square yard; and superintendence, $61.30. 
CHICKASAW COUNTY, WOODLAND, Miss.—Work was begun on the Pontitock 
Ridge road leading from Woodland toward Pontitock Ridge on July 9, 1918, but 
the representative from this office remained until July 18, 1913, just long 
enough to get the work well under way. The road was graded 1,200 feet in 
length for a width of 24 feet at the time of his departure. The adjacent land 
is rolling and the natural soil is clay. The road was built by subscription 
and donated labor and teams, and the estimated cost is based on $1 per 10. 
hours for labor and $3 per 10 hours for teams. On the above basis the cost 
to the community was $72.66, or at the rate of $0.022 per square yard. 
OKMULGEE COUNTY, OKMULGEE, OKLA.—A siretch 4,820 feet long and 20 
feet wide on the road leading south from Okmulgee toward Henryetta was 
graded in August, 1913. The area graded was 10,711 square yards. The 
volume of earthwork was 38,497 cubic yards and the cost $1,365, or $0.127 per 
square yard, or $0.390 per cubic yard. 
Five culverts were built of good hard sandstone: One 2 by 2 by 20 feet, 
rubble masonry, with stone slab top; two 2 by 4 by 20 feet, rubble masonry, 
_ with reinforced concrete slab; one 3 by 4 by 20 feet, rubble masonry, with 
reinforced concrete slab; one 8 by 5 by 20 feet, rubble masonry, with reinforced 
concrete slab. Two existing rubble culverts were repaired, one of which was 
lengthened to 20 feet. The culvert work aggregated 69.86 cubic yards and was 
performed under a verbal contract for $350, or $5.05 per cubic yard. 
See Okmulgee, Okla., under “sand-clay road,’ for further information of 
work done on an adjoining section of road at this place. 
GIBSON CouUNTY, CADES, TENN.—Work was begun on an earth road extending 
west from Cades toward Trenton on August 3, 1914, and completed August 21, 
1914. The adjacent land is quite hilly and the soil is clay with considerable 
sand. This road was graded with plow, scrapers, and grader to a width of 
26 feet in cuts and 20 feet in fills for a length of 4,200 feet. The maximum cut 
was 2.5 feet and the maximum fill 2 feet. The maximum grade of 4 per cent 
was not changed. 
The total cost of the work was $664.79, or $0.0656 per square yard. The 
principal items of cost were: Clearing and grubbing 2,444 square yards at 
$0.0089 per square yard, $21.87; excavation and embankment at $0.059 per 
square yard, $594.80; trimming slopes and ditches, $6.87; and sunerintendence, 
$41.25. 
