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ROADS AND BRIDGES, JULY 1, 1913—DEC. 31, 1914. 91 
APPOMATTOX COUNTY, APPOMATTOX, VA.—The construction work was begun 
on the Oakville road extending northwest from Appomattox toward Oakville 
on May 15, 1913, and supervision by the office representative ended May 14, 
1914. During that period 386 days were lost on account of bad weather and 
8 days from other causes. The surrounding country is hilly. The character 
of the soil from station 0 to 116 and from 162 to 178 was Cecil red clay, and 
from station 116 to 140 and from 145 to 162 was Iredell clay loam. 
The road was graded to a width of 28 feet in cuts and 20 feet in fills for a 
distance of 18,100 feet. The volume of earth excavation was 24,000 cubic 
yards and of rock 290 cubic yards. The maximum cut was 7.3 feet and the 
maximum fill 14.7 feet. The maximum grade was reduced from 15 to 5 per 
cent. The surfacing was a gray topsoil, found in layers of from 4 inches to 8 
inches in near-by blackjack oak woods. It was hauled in slat-bottom wagons 
an average distance of 4,700 feet and spread with rakes to a width of 16 feet 
and a compacted depth of 10 inches for a distance of 12,700 feet, or an area of 
22,600 square yards. 
It was found necessary to use a 44-inch foundation of broken field stone in 
two level bottoms, totaling 3,900 feet in length. 
Sixteen corrugated-iron culverts, totaling 574 linear feet, and three vitrified- 
clay pipe culverts, totaling 186 linear feet, were built. The sizes varied from 
12 to 36 inches. Head walls are of field stone laid in cement mortar. 
The equipment used consisted of plows, slip scrapers, wheelbarrows, picks, 
shovels, and rakes. 
The work was done with a State convict gang averaging 32 men. They were 
furnished free to the county. The county provided foremen and all necessary 
equipment and running expenses. The convict labor was rated at $1 per day 
and teams $3 per day, including convict drivers. The total cost of the work 
was $14,736.92, of which the county paid 45 per cent and the State furnished 
55 per cent in convict labor. The principal items of cost were: Clearing and 
grubbing 4.6 acres at $93.90 per acre; moving 1,800 feet of fence at $0.028 per 
foot; moving 24 telephone poles at $2.94 each; excavation of earth, 24,000 
eubic yards at $0.239 per cubic yard, and of rock, 290 cubic yards at $0.629 per 
cubic yard; excavation and placing culverts, 710 feet at $0.18 per foot; pre- 
paring subgrade for rock, 388,700 square yards at $0.0127 per square yard; 
loosening and loading soil, 4,900 cubic yards at $0.256 per cubie yard; hauling 
4,900 cubic yards of soil an average distance of 4,700 feet at $0.50 per cubic 
yard mile; spreading 4,900 cubic yards of soil at $0.061 per cubic yard; excava- 
tion and spreading soil from side of road, 500 cubic yards at $0.252 per cubic 
yard ; loading 17100 cubic yards of foundation stone at $0.213 per cubic yard, and 
hauling the same an average of 6,800 feet at $0.878 per cubic yard mile; spread- 
ing and breaking 1,100 cubic yards of foundation stone at $0.329 per cubic yard; 
trimming 9,800 feet of shoulders and ditches at $0.015 per foot; maintaining 
2 miles of soil road for three months at $15.91 per mile; culvert pipe, $830.06; 
engineering and traffic census, $149.80; and superintendence, 11.1 per cent, or 
$1,472.24. 
EARTH ROADS. 
Topp County, ELKTON, Ky.—Work was begun on an earth road north from 
Elkton toward Claymour on October 16, 1914, and completed to station 19 on 
December 5, 1914, with a loss of 11 days on account of rain and other causes. 
The adjacent land is hilly and the natural soil is clay with a large percentage 
of sand. The road was graded 26 feet wide in cuts and 20 feet wide in fills for 
1,900 feet. The maximum cut was 2.7 feet, the maximum fill 3.5 feet, and the 
ees 
