ROADS AND BRIDGES, JULY 1, 1913—DEC. 31, 1914. 15 
ing sand, at $0.034 per cubic yard, $17.50; hauling, at $0.155 per cubic yard, 
$79.48; spreading, at $0.015 per cubic yard, $7.25; mixing and dragging, at 
$0.009 per square yard, $32.30. 
DUPLIN CoUNTY, WALLACE, N. C. (Section 1).—Two sections of sand-clay 
road were constructed in the vicinity of Wallace. Work was begun on the first 
section, extending northeasterly from Wallace toward Chinquapin, on September 
4, 1913, and completed on September 12, 1913, with a loss of one day on account 
of bad weather. The adjacent land is slightly rolling, with a sandy soil over a 
clay strata. The total length of 2,000 feet was graded 22 feet wide in both cuts 
and fills, but the grade of the road was not materially changed. The average 
haul was 50 feet, and the hauling was done chiefly with drag scrapers. 
The road was plowed to bring the clay up into the sand, and the two materials 
were then thoroughly mixed by means of harrows and scrapers. The finishing 
was done with the split-log drag. The entire length of 2,000 feet was thus 
treated for the full width of 22 feet. 
The equipment consisted of a road scraper, a disk harrow, tooth harrow, 
scoops, turning plow, rooter plow, horse roller, and split-log drags. ? 
The total cost of the road was $140.25, which is at the rate of $0.029 per 
square yard. The principal items of cost were as follows: Clearing and grub- 
bing, $50.66; excavation, $22.54; mixing, $22.75; shaping, $23.60; trimming the 
shoulders, $15.10; explosives, $5.60. The above costs are based on a labor cost 
of $1.25 per day of 10 hours and a cost of $0.50 per day for each mule, not 
including the driver. 
DUPLIN CoUNTY, WALLACE, N. C. (SECTION 2).—Work was begun on the sec- 
ond section, extending from Island Creek Bridge toward Chinguapin, on Sep- 
tembér 12, 1913, and completed on October 4, 1915, with a loss of two days on 
account of bad weather. The adjacent land is slightly rolling and the natural 
soil is mostly sand. A total length of 3,100 feet was graded 22 feet wide in 
both cuts and fills. The excavation amounted to 850 cubic yards and the 
average haul was less than 100 feet. Drag scrapers were used. 
Throughout its entire length the road was surfaced to a width of 15 feet, 
making 5,167 square yards. The sand-clay surface was constructed by spread- 
ing the clay on the sand surface to a depth of 8 inches at the center and 6 
inches at the sides. Sand was added from the slopes and gutters, and in addi- 
tion to the daily use of the harrow the heavy teaming assisted in mixing the 
materials. The surface was finished with the split-log drag. It is estimated 
that about 717 cubic yards of clay were hauled to the road from the two clay 
pits. The binding qualities of the clay and the wearing qualities of the clay 
and sand appear to be very good. Five vitrified-pipe culverts were constructe‘, 
ranging in size from 10 inches to 24 inches. 
The equipment consisted of a road scraper, disk and tooth harrows, log 
drag, plows, etc. The total cost of the road was $452.76, which is at the rate 
of $0.081 per square yard, exclusive of drainage structures. The principal 
items of cost were as follows: Grading, $182.08; explosives, $4.80; culvert mate- 
rials, $27.26; labor on the same, $8.97; surfacing, $210.98; general expenses, 
$18.67. The above costs are based on a labor cost of $1.25 per 10-hour day and 
a cost of $0.50 per mule each day. 
OKMULGEE CoUNTY, OKMULGEE, OKLA.—Work was begun on a stretch of the 
road leading south from Okmulgee toward Henryetta on June 26, 1915, and 
completed in about 30 days. The adjacent land is slightly rolling. The soil is 
generally either sand or clay, with a small amount of prairie soil. The sand 
occurs for the most part in the depressions, while the clay occurs on the hills, 
