14 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
soil from station 24+54 to 50+00, sandy with a clay subsoil; 50+00 to 66-++00, 
black sand; 66+00 to 156+54, sand. A length of 13,200 feet was graded 22 
feet wide in both cuts and fills. - Earth was excavated to the amount of 4,236 
cubic yards, and the average haul was 325 feet, with a maximum haul of 
1,800 feet. 
Throughout its entire length the road was surfaced to a width of 18 feet, 
making 26,400 square yards. Clay was spread to a uniform depth of 6 inches, 
and 2,815 cubic yards of clay were hauled on the road. The material is in- 
ferior, but is an improvement over the previous sandy condition. A tem- 
porary wooden bridge was built at station 50722, to be replaced later with a 
concrete bridge if present plans are carried out. 
The equipment consisted of two graders, two plows, three harrows, wheel 
scraper, horse roller, and wagons. The total cost of the road was $1,867.55, 
which is at the rate of $0.0578 per square yard. The principal items of cost 
were as follows: Clearing and grubbing at $0.0217 per square yard, $167.90; 
excavation at $0.1174 per cubic yard, $497.40; shaping at $0.0018 per square 
yard, $48.80; loading and hauling clay at $0.2548 per cubic yard, $717.35; 
spreading clay at $0.0178 per cubic yard, $50.10; rolling at $0.00099 per square 
yard, $26.35; trimming shoulders and ditches, $88.90; stripping for clay at 
$0.012 per square yard, $6.60; mixing at $0.0024 per square yard, $63.90; fin- 
ishing surface at $0.00215 per square yard, $57.60; general expenses, $19.75; 
temporary bridge, $10.40; livery, $78; survey, $35. The above costs are based 
upon a cost of $0.80 for labor and $0.80 per mule for an eight-hour day. 
JONES CoUNTY, TRENTON, N. C.—Work was begun on Main Street extending 
west from Trenton on September 6, 1913, and operations continued to October 
3, 1913, when scarcity of labor prevented further progress. One day was lost 
on account of bad weather, and the inadequate force and bad weather also 
involved many delays and were largely responsible for the high cost of the 
work. The adjacent land is level and the soil sandy loam throughout. 
The improvement consisted in grading and shaping the existing road and 
surfacing it with a sand-clay mixture. The road was entirely graded to a 
length of 3,600 feet, with a width varying from 40 to 46 feet in both cuts and 
fills. A portion of the road was partly graded for 7 200 feet. Part of the 
‘subgrade was prepared 15 feet in width and part 30 feet in width. This was 
surfaced to the extent of 3,680 square yards when the work was shut down. 
The soil was loosened with plows and mattock, hauled with drag scoops, and 
spread with shovels and rakes. Clay to the amount of 409 cubie yards and 
511 cubic yards of sand were hauled for surfacing. As the near-by mateérial 
was unfit for use the clay was hauled a distance of 5,750 feet. It was spread 
to a depth of 4 inches on the road, and then covered with the sand, which 
was obtained from Trent River. The two materials were mixed by means 
of a plow and harrow. The road was shaped so that the crown of the finished 
surface was 1 inch to 1 foot. 
Cross drains 380 feet long were constructed of 24-inch corrugated-iron pipe 
at stations 34+50 and 46+60. 
The equipment consisted of plows, harrows, drags, scoops, and plank drag. 
Labor cost $1 to $1.25 and teams $2 per 10-hour day. 
The total cost of the road to the community was $795.11, and the cost of the 
completed section was $465.48, which is at the rate of $0.1265 per square yard 
for the finished surface. The principal items of cost were: Rough grading, at 
$0.009 per square yard, $80.50; stripping clay pit, at $0.077 per cubic yard, 
$31.50; loosening and loading clay, at $0.119 per cubic yard, $49; hauling, at 
$0.887 per cubic yard, $158.45; spreading, at $0.023 per cubic yard, $9.50; load- 
7, = 
