12 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
A section 11,600 feet in length was graded 22 feet wide in both cuts and fills. 
The maximum cut was 3 feet and the maximum fill 4 feet. The road was sur- 
faced 16 feet wide with a sand-clay mixture, making 20,622 square yards. 
Where the subgrade was sand, clay was added, and vice versa. The surfacing 
was laid about 6 inches in depth. For several short stretches the natural soil 
was a sand-clay mixture and required no other surfacing material. 
The drainage structures were: Twelve vitrified-clay pipes, ranging in size 
from 8 to 15 inches in diameter and totaling 342 feet in length, and 1 blind 
stone drain 2 feet wide, 2 feet deep, and 100 feet in length. 
The total cost of the work was $3,506. Labor cost $2 per day and teams 
$5 per day of 9 hours. The principal items of cost were: Excavation (earth), 
2,651 cubic yards at $0.45 per cubic yard, $1,193.28; excavation (rock), 22 
cubie yards at $1.25 per cubic yard, $27.55; trimming shoulders and ditches, 
$69.23; and superintendence, $90—making a total cost of grading of $1,380.06. 
Stripping for sand, $9.22; stripping for clay, $31.64; loading and hauling sand, 
1,700 cubic yards at $0.223 per cubic yard, $378.39; loading and hauling clay, 
2,300 cubic yards at $0.344 per cubic yard, $791.76; spreading sand and clay, 
24,350 square yards at $0.003 per square yard, $73.70; mixing 20,622 square 
yards of sand and clay at $0.010 per square yard, $199.52; shaping and crown- 
ing 20,622 square yards at $0.004 per square yard, $90.57; superintendence, 
$118.46; and 1,050 cubic yards of clay at $0.08 per cubic yard, $84—making a 
total cost of surfacing $1,777.26, or $0.090 per square yard. Miscellaneous labor 
cost $83.46; excavation for pipe culverts, $84.72; hauling materials, $5.08; 
placing pipe and backfilling, $24.02; 32 linear feet of 15-inch vitrified-clay pipe 
at $1 per foot, $82; 234 linear feet of 12-inch vitrified-clay pipe at $0.60 per 
foot, $140.40; 28 linear feet of 10-inch vitrified-clay pipe at $0.40 per foot, 
$11.20; and 48 linear feet of 8-inch vitrified-clay pipe at $0.80 per foot, $14.40; 
cement, $340—making a total of $265.22 for 342 linear feet of vitrified-clay 
pipe in place, or $0.775 per linear foot. 
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, JACKSON, N. C.—Work was started on the Church 
Street Extension Rond, which leads north from Jackson toward Seaboard, on 
September 4, 1913, and was completed on November 3, 1913. Seven days were 
lost on account of bad weather and one day from other causes. The weather 
and labor conditions added materially to the cost of the work. The land ad- 
- jacent to the road is comparatively level and the soil is yellow clay mixed with 
fine sand. 
The improvement consisted in grading and shaping the existing road and 
surfacing it with a sand-clay mixture that contained about 25 per cent of 
- gravel. The soil was loosened with plows and picks, hauled in drag scrapers, 
and spread by the scrapers and grader. The maximum cut was 1.1 feet and 
the maximum fill 1.8 feet. The maximum grade was reduced from 3.3 to 1.7 
per cent. 
One corrugated-iron pipe, 24 inches in diameter and 26 feet long, was laid, 
and two corrugated-iron pipes were laid at driveways, both 20 feet long and 12 
and 15 inches, respectively, in diameter. Head walls of concrete were placed 
at the ends of the largest pipe. 
Surfacing material was hauled about 1 mile and consisted of about 50 per 
cent sand, 25 per cent clay, and 25 per cent gravel. It was hauled in dump 
wagons and spread by hand labor and by the road drag. When compacted the 
material was 7 inches at the center and 4 inches at the sides, with a width of 
14 feet surfaced. The crown of the road was four-sevenths inch to the foot. 
The road was graded to a length of 2,500 feet, with a width of 30 feet in both 
cuts and fills, and surfaced for 2,400 feet to an average width of 14 feet, mak- 
