- ROADS AND BRIDGES, JULY 1, 1913—DEC. 31, 1914. 11 
UvaLDE County, UvALpE, TEx.—A gravel road leading from Uvalde eastward 
toward Sabinal was begun January 24, 1914, and abandoned February 6, 1914, 
for lack of funds. The adjacent land is rolling, with brown clay from station 
0+00 to station 22+00; soft rock from station 22+00 to station 35-++00; black 
clay loam from station 35+00 to station 57+00. A section 4,300 feet long was 
graded for a width of 32 feet in both cuts and fills. The gravel surface is 
2,200 feet long and 16 feet wide, making a surfaced area of 3,911 square yards. 
One timber bridge having a 15-foot span was constructed at station 42+00. 
The maximum grade was reduced from 6.4 per cent to 4.2 per cent, the maxi- 
mum cut was 2.8 feet, and the maximum fill 2.9 feet. Approximately 652 cubic 
yards of gravel were used, spread 10 inches deep at the center, and feathered 
to 0 at the edges. The gravel was spread 16 feet wide and finished with a crown 
of 1 inch to the foot. 
Labor cost $1.50 and county teams $1 per 8-hour day. The total cost of the 
road to the community was $622.18, which is at the rate of $0.159 per square 
yard for the surfacing. The principal items of cost were as follows: Excava- 
tion, $94.25; loosening and loading gravel, $8.50; hauling gravel, $305.60; 
spreading gravel, $36; finishing, $16.25; bridge excavation, $33.75; lumber, 
$86.78; labor on bridges, $41. 
SAND-CLAY ROADS. 
DuKES CouUNTY, TISBURY, MARTHAS VINEYARD, Mass.—During the month of 
August, 1918, a section of the Makonikey Road in the town of Tisbury, origi- 
nally very sandy, was surfaced 16 feet wide with natural sand clay or top soil 
to a uniform loose depth of 9 inches. This was compacted partly by the traffic 
and partly by means of a light stone roller and the drag. The length of the 
‘section was 320 feet, making 569 square yards, and the total cost was $75.38, 
which is at the rate of $0.1382 per square yard. 
Two-wheeled dump wagons were used for hauling the top soil, and the 
average load was 24 cubic feet. The average haul was 2,850 feet. 
Another section of object-lesson road was constructed on the crossroad from 
Chilmark Post Office to Menemsha Creek by surfacing with a sand-clay mix- 
ture. After shaping the subgrade clay was hauled and spread to a width of 
16 feet and a uniform loose depth of 8 inches, then covered with sand to a 
depth of 4 or 5 inches. The material was thoroughly cut up by plowing and 
disk harrowing, then by a spiked-tooth harrow followed by disking and shaping 
with a plank drag. The road was at this time in a loose and powdery con- 
dition, but mechanically well mixed. It-rained shortly after the completion of 
this part of the work, and the section was then rolled and dragged, with 
excellent results. 
The total length of this section was 180 feet, making 320 square yards, and 
the total cost $89.75, which is at the rate of $0.280 per square yard. The price 
could be reduced one-third if a greater length were built, with a better organ- 
ized working force. 
DuKES CouNTy, GAy HEAD, Mass.—The improvement of the State Road, ex- 
tending west from Chilmark toward Gay Head Light, was begun on December 
3, 1913, and completed on June 8, 1914, after a loss of 124 days on account of 
bad weather and 101 days, from January 11 to April 21, 1914, when work was 
discontinued during the winter. The adjacent land is rolling and composed of 
successive stretches of sandy loam, fine sand, clay, and a natural sand-clay 
mixture. 
