10 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
per cubic yard; surfacing material in pit, $0.07 per cubic yard; loading gravel 
with slip scrapers through trap, $0.1571 per cubic yard; hauling gravel 2,000 
feet and dumping, $0.2021 per cubic yard; spreading gravel with grader, 
$0.0181 per cubic yard; finishing, $0.0005 per square yard; general expenses, 
including superintendent, $108. 
CALDWELL County, LocKHART, Trex. (No. 2).—A second gravel object-lesson 
road was built at Lockhart, Tex., on the League Line Road, extending southwest 
from Burdett Wells Road toward Luling. Work was begun on March 5, 1914, 
and completed July 7, 1914, with a loss of 46 days on account of bad weather 
and 9 days for other causes. The adjacent land is rolling, and the soil from 
station 0 to 56-++50 is ‘black waxy ”’; station 56+50 to 65-++-00, chocolate loam; 
and from station 65+00 to 82-++-00, “black waxy.’ The road was graded to a 
width of 36 feet in cuts and 20 feet in fills for a length of 9,680 feet. The 
maximum eut was 1.5 feet and the maximum fill was 7 feet. The maximum 
grade of 4 per cent was reduced to 3 per cent. Earth was loosened with plows, 
handled with Fresno serapers, and shaped with a road machine. 
The sand-gravel surfacing was loaded into slat-bottom wagons through a 
loading trap and hauled an average distance of 3,000 feet to the road, where it 
was spread to a width of 14 feet, making a surfaced area of 15,058 square yards. 
Two courses were laid, aS en the Gonzales Road previously described. 
Drainage structures were built as follows: Five 30-inch corrugated-iron pipe 
culverts 22 feet long, and two 36-inch corrugated-iron pipe culverts 22 feet long, 
all with concrete head walls containing a total of 26 barrels of cement and 26 
cubic yards of pit-run gravel. 
The road equipment used consisted of a road grader, three Fresno scrapers, 
six slip scrapers, and slat-bottom wagons. 
Labor cost $2 per day and teams $4 per day. The total cost of the road was 
$3,426.52, or $0.2275 per square yard, which is at the rate of $1,868.46 per mile. 
The principal items of cost were: Clearing and grubbing, $16.72 per acre; ex- 
eavation, $0.2625 per square yard; shaping subgrade, $0.0035 per square yard; 
culverts, including material and labor, $452.87; surfacing material in pits, 
$0.05 per cubie yard; loading, $0.1573 per cubic yard; hauling, $0.2582 per cubic 
yard; spreading gravel, $0.0098 per cubic yard; shaping gravel, $0.0007; right 
of way, $117, which is at the rate of $125 per acre; general expenses, $91.50. 
ComAaL County, NEw BRAUNFELS, TEx.—Work was begun on a gravel road 
extending southeast from New Braunfels toward Seguin on March 138, 1914, 
and completed May 28, 1914, with a loss of 25 days on account of bad weather. 
The adjacent land is rolling, and the nature of the soil is “black waxy.” The 
road was graded 380 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 4,600 feet. 
A road machine was used to do all the grading, as it was light work. The 
maximum grade of 2.3 per cent was reduced to 1.275 per cent. 
The gravel surfacing was obtained from pits, hauled an average of three- 
fourths of a mile, and spread to a width of 16 feet, making a surfaced area of 
8,177 square yards. 
One 12-inch and one 24-inch corrugated-metal pipe culvert 22 feet long were 
laid. 
The total cost of the work was $1,786.36, or $0.218 per square yard. The 
principal items of cost were clearing and grubbing, $3; grading, $226.75; gravel 
ready for use, including stripping pits and drilling, 2,272 cubic yards, at $0.179 
per cubie yard, $752.15; explosives, caps, ete., $101.40; loading and hauling 
2,272 cubic yards of gravel, at $0.247 per cubic yard, $562.50; spreading gravel, 
at $0.033 per cubic yard, $75.06; rolling, $5; shaping, $45; and culverts, $15.50. 
