ROADS AND BRIDGES, JULY 1, 1913—DEC. 31, 1914. 9 
drawn by tractor. The maximum fill was 0.5 foot and the total excavation did 
not exceed 500 cubic yards. The maximum grade was 2 per cent. 
A surface of gravel was laid for 1,500 feet, 16 feet wide, making 2,667 square 
yards. The gravel was applied in one course with a loose thickness of 8 inches 
at the center and 4 inches at the sides, with a crown of 6 inches. The material 
was dumped between 2 by 4 inch planks on edge at sides and the shoulders 
were built up against the edge of gravel. All the gravel used for surfacing 
passed a 38-inch ring, had fair binding and wearing qualities, and was obtained 
from a pit at an average haul to the road of three-fourths of a mile. No water 
was used on the road during the rolling, which was done with a 6-ton horse 
roller. The gravel was hauled by farm wagons of 1 cubic yard capacity and 
Troy dump wagons of 33 cubic yards capacity hauled by a tractor. 
The equipment consisted of one 20-horsepower gasoline tractor, two extra 
heavy graders, six 33-yard wagons, a 6-ton horse roller, two rooters, two road 
plows, four drag scrapers, and one steel road drag. Labor cost $1.20 per day 
of eight hours and teams $3 per day. The total cost of the road was $460.60, 
which is at the rate of $0.1727 per square yard, or $1,621.31 per mile. 
The principal items of cost were as follows: Plowing and grading, $0.328 per 
square yard of finished surface; rolling subgrade, $0.0017 per square yard; 
loosening and loading gravel, $0.3447 per cubic yard; hauling gravel, $0.3981 
per cubic yard; spreading gravel, $0.0584 per cubic yard; rolling gravel, $0.0014 
per square yard; trimming shoulders and ditches, $0.0056 per linear foot. 
CALDWELL CouUNTY, LocKHART, Tex. (No. 1).—Work was begun on a gravel 
road extending south from Lockhart toward Seawillow on the Gonzales road 
May 28, 1914, and completed on August 7, 1914, with a loss of four days on ac- 
count of bad weather. The adjacent land is rolling and the natural soil was as 
follows: Section 1—Station 0+ 00 to 7-+00, black waxy; station 7-+00 to 28+00, 
gray adobe; station 28+00 to 40+00, clay gravel; station 40+00 to 49-00, 
_ limestone, gravel, and black dirt. Section 2—Station 0+00 to 32+00, white 
adobe. The road was graded 36 feet wide in cuts and 20 feet wide in fills. The 
maximum cut was 1.5 feet and the maximum fill 2.5 feet. No change was made 
in maximum grades. Harth was loosened with plows, hauled by Fresno scrapers, 
and shaped with a blade grader. 
A surface of gravel 14 feet wide was laid for 8,975 feet, making 13,961 square 
yards. The gravel was applied in two courses, the first course from 13 to 3 
inches in size and applied 6 inches loose depth; the second course from sand 
to 14 inches, applied 34 inches loose depth. When completed the surfacing was 
7% inches deep. The material used for surfacing was a pit sand-clay gravel 
with good binding and wearing qualities. The average haul for both gravel 
and water for sprinkling was 2,000 feet. The gravel was loaded with slip 
scrapers through a loading trap into slat-bottom wagons and was spread with a 
grader. 
Drainage structures were built as follows: One 18-inch by 22-foot corrugated 
pipe culvert; six 24-inch by 22-foot corrugated pipe culverts; three 80-inch by 
22-foot corrugated pipe culverts; and one 36-inch by 8-foot eulvert. Twenty- 
nine barrels of cement and 31 cubic yards of gravel were used in head walls. 
The road equipment consisted of Fresno scrapers, road grader, slip scrapers, 
and slat-bottom wagons. 
Labor cost $2 per day and teams $4 per day of 8 hours. The total cost of 
the road was $2,676.69, or $0.1770 per square yard, and at the rate of $1,453.70 
per mile. The principal items of cost were as follows: Culverts complete, 
$667.37; clearing and grubbing, $4.80 per acre; excavation, $0.1959 per square 
yard; shaping subgrade, $0.0027 per square yard; conerete end walls, $5.10 
Det ==) BNL, Pe aD 
