8 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
items of cost were as follows: Embankment, at $0.131 per cubic yard, $175.20; 
shaping the subgrade, at $0:005 per square yard, $19.50; gravel on siding, at 
$1.46 per cubic yard, $1,452.60; hauling and loading gravel, at $0.332 per cubic 
yard, $331; spreading gravel, at $0.035' per cubic yard, $34.95; rolling gravel, 
at $0.0026 per square yard, $8.25; rolling subgrade, $3.60; building shoulders, 
$14.25; equipping wagons, $1.05; general expenses, $111; rehandling gravel 
to save demurrage, $66.60. 
RANDOLPH CoUNTY, ASHEBORO, N. ©.—A gravel road leading from Asheboro 
north toward Randleman was begun November 14, 1913, and entirely com- 
pleted December 19, 1918, with two days lost on account of bad weather and 
one day from other causes. The adjacent land is hilly and the natural soil 
yellow clay from station 0+00 to 14+00; rock and yellow clay from station 
14+00 to 17-++00; yellow clay and some rock from station 17+00 to 24+00. A 
section 2,400 feet long was graded 25 feet wide in euts and 22 feet in fills. 
The gravel surface is 2,400 feet long and 10 feet in width, making an area 
of 2,667 square yards. Three wooden box culverts were constructed, each 1 
by 1.5 feet by 24 feet long. One 4-inch tile was used for road drainage be- 
tween stations 1+75 and 2-+-50. 
The maximum grade was reduced from 8 per cent to 5 per cent. The 
maximum cut was 4.8 feet, and the maximum fill was 2 feet. Nine hundred 
and seventy-six cubic yards of earth were excavated, with an average haul 
of 150 feet and a maximum haul of 400 feet. In addition, about 47 cubic yards 
of rock were removed. This material was loosened with picks, plows, and 
dynamite, hauled in wagons and slip scrapers, and spread with shovels and 
road grader. 
The surfacing material was gravel containing about 60 per cent quartzite 
with top soil and clay. It was hauled about 1,000 feet and spread with stone 
forks. The gravel appears to have good binding and wearing qualities. ‘The 
gravel was applied in one course to a depth of 6 inches before compacting, and 
the size of the particles ranged from dust to 3 inches. Four hundred and 
forty-four cubic yards of gravel were used, of which 290 cubic yards were 
purchased. The crown of the road, as finished, was three-fourths inch to the 
foot. 
The equipment consisted of a road grader and drag scrapers. 
Labor cost $1.25 to $1.50, and teams $2.50, based on a 10-hour day. The total 
cost of the road to the community was $520.15, which is at the rate of $0.195 
per square yard. The principal items of cost were as follows: Excavation, at 
$0.258 per cubie yard, $264.24; shaping, at $0.0056 per square yard, $15; culvert 
materials, $5.50; labor on same, $3.12; clearing and grubbing, $11.44; gravel, 
at $0.1034 per cubic yard, $30; loosening and loading, at $0.138 per cubic yard, 
$61.25; hauling from pit to road, at $0.1267 per cubie yard, $56.25; spreading 
gravel, at $0.0301 per cubic yard, $13.88; shaping same, at $0.0075 per cubic 
yard, $20; trimming shoulders, $0.0062 per linear foot, $15; general expenses, 
$16.25; explosives, $8.72. 
KINNEY COUNTY, BRACKETTVILLE, TrEx.—Work was begun surfacing with 
gravel the Spofford road, extending south from Brackettville toward Spofford, 
en April 28, 1914, and completed May 6, 1914, with no time lost from any cause. 
The adjacent land is rolling and the soil is black lime, with a small amount of 
chalk throughout. The road was graded 86 feet wide in both cuts and fills and 
was 1,500 feet in length. There was practically no excavation or fill, the earth 
was loosened by plows drawn by tractor and hauled and spread by two graders 
