EXPERIMENTAL. MILLING AND BAKING. 17 
250 cubic centimeters and filter. Place 200 cubic centimeters of the 
filtrate in a flask with 20 cubic centimeters of hydrochloric acid 
specific gravity 1.125) : connect with a reflux condenser and heat in 
a boiling water bath for 2.5 hours. Cool, nearly neutralize with 
sodium hydroxid solution, finish the neutralization with sodium 
carbonate solution and make up to 500 cubic centimeters. Mix the 
solution well, pour through a dry filter, and determine the dextrose in 
an aliquot as described under reducing sugars. Conduct a blank 
determination upon the same volume of the malt extract as used 
upon the sample and correct the weight of reduced copper accord- 
ingly. The weight of the dextrose obtained multiplied by 0.90 gives 
the weight of starch. 
CRUDE FIBER. 
Reag lute sulphuric arid solution. — Contains exactly 1.25 grams of 
sulphuric acid in 100 cubic centimeters as determined by titration. 
v sodium hydroxid solution. — Contains exactly 1.25 grams of sodium hydroxid 
in 100 rubic centimeters as determined by titration. This solution should be free, or 
practk-ally free, from sodium carbonate. 
Reagents — 
Determination. — Extract a quantity of the substance, representing 
about 2 grams of the dry material, with ordinary ether, or u<e the 
residue from the determination of the ether extract. Put this 
residue in a 500 cubic centimeter flask and add 200 cubic centimeters 
of the boiling dilute sulphuric acid solution; connect the flask with 
a reflux condenser, the tube of which passes only a short distance 
beyond the rubber stopper into the flask, or simply cover a tall 
conical flask, which is well suited for this determination, with a 
watch glass or -hort— temmed funnel, boil at once, and continue 
boiling gently for 30 minutes. Filter through linen, and wash with 
boiling water until the washings are no longer acid: rinse the sub- 
stance back into the flask with 200 cubic centimeters of boiling 
dilute sodium hydroxide solution: boil at once, and continue boiling 
gently for 30 minutes as directed above for the treatment with acid. 
Filter at once rapidly upon a linen filter until the washings are 
neutral. Transfer to a weighed Gooch crucible, and dry to constant 
weight at 110 c C. Weigh, incinerate completely, and weigh again. 
The loss in weight is considered crude fiber. 
ERGOT. 
Ergot, a fungous growth containing a poisonous alkaloid, some- 
times develops in rye and. less often, in wheat. Under the micro- 
scope it appears as a fine network of mostly colorless parenchyma 
cells, containing globules of fat. Some of the cells are circular, 
others considerably elongated, and some contain a deep-brown 
coloring matter which, with ammonia, becomes violet red. or with 
acid becomes red. Occasionally the cell walls appear of a dark 
color. If flour containing ergot be treated with a very dilute solution 
of anilin violet, the stain will be practically absorbed by the damaged 
particles of the grain and resisted by the normal granules. A hot 
alcoholic extract of flour containing ergot is colored red when treated 
with dilute sulphuric acid. 
23 Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official A2Ti cultural Chemists. Re- 
:nber 1. 1919, p. 97. 
