COEN" OILS. 3 
tained from corn during the distillation of brandy, which he found 
suitable for lamp oil and as a substitute for linseed oil in paints. The 
first investigation of the composition of the oil appears to be that 
reported in 1866 by Hoppe-Seyler (20), who found that the saponi- 
fiable fat of the corn contains stearin, palmitin, and much olein. 
Investigations of the oil followed rapidly after this. In 1867 Alle- 
mann (2) confirmed the presence of palmitic and stearic acids. 
Konig (23) in 1871 reported that the oil obtained by ether extraction 
was at first a colorless liquid, but on standing became solid and quite 
yellow in color, from which he concluded that the oil belonged to the 
class of drying oils. 
The methods of obtaining the oil from corn also began to receive 
notice. In 1880 Schulz (41) described a method of removing the oil 
from corn mash, and in the next year Leeuw (24) suggested the 
removal of the germ from the remainder of the cracked kernel by 
flotation in brine of 15° Be. Maisch (27) in 1885 called attention to 
the fact that corn oil was being used to some extent as a lubricant 
and for soap making. In the following year (1886) Shuttleworth 
(4-2) reported on the specific gravity of the oil. In the same year we 
find the first mention of the oil produced by hydraulic pressure when, 
according to Wiegand (53), Trimble discussed the physical prop- 
erties of such an oil, Spiiller (48) in 1887 published the results of 
a detailed study of the composition of an ether-extracted oil. He 
reported no free acids and no oxygen absorption in 14 days. A year 
later Lloyd (25), while discussing some of the characteristics of 
corn oil, reported that as early as 1876 an attempt was made to ex- 
tract the oil from corn with carbon bisulphid, the purpose being to 
furnish extracted meal for the distilling industries, but that the 
venture was abandoned. At the same time Hazura (13) reported 
some work on the iodin number of the oil, and the following year 
Bowers (7) suggested the adaptability of the oil for pharmaceutical 
preparations, but found that it emitted disagreeable odors on heat- 
ing, which, he states, would make it unsuitable for frying purposes. 
In 1889 Kennedy (21) and also Heinitsh (16) suggested the use of 
the oil for pharmaceutical preparations. Stellwaag (49) in 1890 
reported on the constants of corn oils extracted with ether and petro- 
leum ether, respectively. In 1891 De Negri and Fabris (30) studied 
the constants of corn oil, and a year later Smith (46) published 
what appears to be the most detailed investigation of the oil up to 
that tune, his report including its physical and chemical constants, 
its reaction with alkalis with special reference to soap making, and 
its application as a lubricant. In 1893 Hart (12) and Smetham (45) 
both reported on the constants of the oil. The following year (1894) 
De Negri and Fabris (31) published their second note on the oil and 
Rokitansky (38) isolated linolic acid from it. 
