12 
BULLETIX 1054, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
in the soap stock and the oil, which drained into these channels upon warming, 
was removed from time to time until no more could be separated. 
All the oils, except F, were treated in the manner described. The 
time required for the oils -to break varied somewhat, oils D and E 
requiring about 30 minutes to acquire a good break, and oils A, B r 
and C slightly longer. Oil F presented some difficulty, owing to the 
presence of mucky, solid matter, and in order to make it break within 
a reasonable time an additional 50 per cent excess of 14:° Be. sodium 
hydroxid had to be added. Table 5 shows the refining losses result- 
ing from this treatment. 
Table 5.- — Refining losses and condition of the soap stock resulting from the 
neutralization of com oils. 
Oils. 
Refining loss 
(per cent). 
After 
first 
draining. 
After 
final 
draining. 
Character of soap stock. 
Sample A, wet-process germs by ex- 9.58 
peller. 
Sample B, wet-process germs bv solvent. 8. 27 
Sample C, wet-process oil cake by sol- 14. 13 
vent. 
Sample D, dry-process germs by ex- ! 5. OS 
peller. 
Sample E, dry-process germs by sol- i 6.84 
vent. 
Sample F, dry-process oil cake by sol- ! 15. 
vent. 
5. 65 Sufficiently firm to permit channeling. 
.58 Do. 
12. 71 Slimy: occluded considerable oil which can 
not be recovered to any extent by chan- 
neling. 
3.69 Same as oil A. 
6. 49 More slimy than oil D. 
15. Very slimy; no oil can be removed by chan- 
neling. 
It is found that in the case of both wet-process and dry-process 
germs the neutralization of the benzol-extracted oil results in a higher 
refining loss than with expeller oil and that this greater loss is not 
accounted for by any corresponding difference in the free fatty acid 
content. In the case of benzol-extracted oils not so much oil can be 
recovered by channeling the soap stock as is the case with expeller 
oils. The soap stock from the solvent oils is slimy and occludes more 
oil than the soap stock from the expeller oils, and this oil can not 
be recovered to any great extent. 
By reference to Table 4 it will be noted that the amount of free 
fatty acids present will not account for the difference in the refining 
losses obtained in the oils from wet and dry process germs. Thus 
solvent oil B from w T et-process germs with 2.15 per cent free acids 
showed about the same refining loss as solvent oil E from dry- 
process germs which contained only 1.9 per cent of free acids. In 
the case of the expeller oils from these two types of materials the free 
fatty-acid content was about the same, yet the oil from the dry- 
process germs showed a much smaller loss. It is probable that the 
presence of the substances which cause the foaming of the benzol 
