40 BULLETIN 721, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
after a few years of experience and remain in the community 
throughout the year ; such workers sometimes purchase land, thereby 
becoming landowners and employers of labor. The labor imported 
into an area for work in connection with sugar beets is handled un- 
der contract at a fixed price per acre. Before he leaves his home 
the laborer demands a contract stipulating the acreage that he will 
be allowed to handle and the price per acre that he will receive for 
the labor. Labor problems are more fully treated on pages 41 to 43. 
BEET BY-PRODUCTS AND LIVE STOCK. 
Live stock on a sugar-beet farm constitutes an important factor in 
the success of beet growing from two standpoints : (1) The utilization 
of beet tops and pulp and (2) the production of stable or barnyard 
manure. 
Kind of live stock to feed. — Sugar-beet tops and pulp are good feed 
for all kinds of live stock, including chickens, hogs, sheep, cattle, 
and, to some extent, horses. Generally the tops and pulp are fed 
to sheep and cattle. There are several methods by which the beet 
tops may be utilized for feed. They may be pastured off, a process 
which consists in turning the live stock into the beet field after the 
beets have been harvested and the roots removed, as shown in Plate 
IX, figure 1. The tops are left scattered over the ground, and this 
method of feeding results in the ground being more or less trampled. 
Sheep especially are inclined to travel more generally in paths, 
thereby trampling the ground unevenly. In no case should the pas- 
turing of the tops be permitted when the ground is wet, since the 
ground itself would be seriously injured by trampling in that con- 
dition and many of the tops would be wasted by being trampled into 
the ground. While live stock thrives on beet tops and pulp, other 
feed must be used in finishing the animals for the market. Beet tops, 
especially the crowns, contain considerable mineral matter which 
is beneficial to live stock, but it should not be fed in too large quan- 
tities. Aside from pasturing the tops they are sometimes allowed to 
cure partly and are then gathered into piles, hauled to the feed yard, 
and fed in racks, one form of which is shown in Plate IX, figure 2. 
This is a much more economical method of utilizing the tops, but it 
involves the additional expense of gathering and hauling. The tops 
may also be used as ensilage. When chopped with straw, cornstalks, 
or other roughage excellent silage is produced. Both the tops and 
the pulp are excellent for dairy cows, since they act as a tonic upon 
the animals as well as a food and increase the flow of milk. Pulp 
is used either fresh or dried. It is dried artificially, either by itself 
or in combination with molasses. When dried by itself it contains 
the same substances as when fresh ; when dried with molasses it, of 
course, contains the added sugar and mineral matter. The object 
