aes 
TY Pe, 
THE BEET LEAF-BEETLE. 23 
more. These hatch in from 8 to 18 days, depending upon the tem- 
perature, and the larve complete their growth in from 14 to 29 days. 
The larve feed in exposed positions on either the upper or lower 
surface of the leaves, eating holes in them, frequently cutting en- 
tirely through the leaf. When mature, the larve leave the plants 
and burrow into the earth to a depth of from half an inch to 2 inches 
and form cells in which the soft yellow pupe develop. The pupal 
period requires 8 or 9 days, and then the beetles emerge. 
Two generations and a partial third generation are produced 
annually in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado, where the species has 
been studied. 
Hibernation is passed as a beetle in alkali areas under tufts of 
grass, heaps of dead weeds, and other rubbish, and the grower may 
take advantage of the knowledge of this habit to dest1oy the beetles 
in their winter quarters, which has proved an effective and practi- 
cable method of control. 
The best time for this work is between the middle of November 
and the first of March, when the dead grass and weeds may be burned. 
The effectiveness of this method depends on the thoroughness with 
which the hibernating quarters of the beetles are destroyed. 
The use of arsenicals has not been entirely satisfactory in the 
control of this pest. 
LITERATURE CITED. 
(1) Say, THOMAS. 
1824. DESCRIPTIONS OF COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS COLLECTED IN THE LATE 
EXPEDITION TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, PERFORMED BY ORDER OF 
MR. CALHOUN, SECRETARY OF WAR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF 
MAJOR LONG. Jn Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 3, p. 458. [Lec. 
Cd Ve 2s PD. 2222, 1 S59.| 
(2) Hargis, T. W. 
1838. REPoRT. Jn Reports of the Commissioners on the Zoological Sur- 
vey of Massachusetts. (Bound with Rept. of Econ. Geol. Mass. 
[Hitcheock, E.] 
(3) LeConte, JoHN L. 
1865. ON THE SPECIES OF GALERUCA AND ALLIED GENERA INHABITING 
NORTH AMERICA. Jn Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., p. 218, Oct. 
(4) Horn, Gro. H. 
1893. GALERUCINI OF BOREAL AMERICA. Jn Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., v. 
20, p. 57-144. 
(5) HEADDEN, Wm. P. : 
A SOIL STUDY: PART I. THE CROP GROWN: SUGAR BEETS. Colo. Agr. 
Exp. Sta. Bul. 46. 63 p. 
(6) CHITTENDEN, F. H. 
1898. A NEW SUGAR-BEET BEETLE. In U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bul. 18, 
Mis Sic): 95. 
(7) Forsss, S. A., and Hart, C. A. 
1900. THE ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY OF THE SUGAR BEET. II], Agr. Exp. 
Sta. Bul. 60. p. 397-517. 
