18 BULLETIN 302, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The cheapness of the fruit invited heavy consumption, with the 
result that the movement increased rapidly until the quantities for- 
warded not only exceeded all expectations, but proved to be little 
short of the largest export years. The United States was favored 
for the reason that steamers plying between Canadian and English 
ports were requisitioned for transport purposes, thus placing limita- 
tions upon the exportation of apples from the Dominion. 
Direct dealing with Hamburg, Germany, had increased rapidly in 
recent years, but this outlet into the German Empire was closed so 
effectually that not a single package of American apples has been 
forwarded direct to that port. On the other hand, the Scandinavian 
markets, which formerly received their supplies through English and 
German channels, have taken large quantities direct. This should 
prove to be of real benefit in future years, for the reason that when 
direct dealing is once established it is likely to continue. 
The following statement of total export shipments from the United 
States and Canada during the past five years is given for purposes 
of comparison: 
TaBLE 5.—Total export shipment of apples from United States and Canada. 
From th 
United va From Meee 
Fiscal year. for fiscal a = ane Total. 
years ending | ¥ a ot 8 
June 30.. 
Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. 
S101 Se 1, 721, 106 523, 658 2,244. 764 
199921974 bic oun. ee. Sar cc meni ems 1,456,381 | 1,664, 165 3) 120, 546 
POTATO eo e 2,150,132 | 1,324” 769 3,474,901 
1919-14. 15 elvelysl Le. he eS eee ip anna 1, 506, 569 947, 382 2) 453,951 
OIA Base soe cw aeo s scenes Ses se ae ERO eee Sen eee eee 1 it 846, 224 1, 117, 336 2, 963, 560 
1 Official report not yet available. Number given is reported by New York forwarding agents as rep- 
resenting shipments from New York, Boston, and Portland. 
SOUTH AMERICA. 
American shippers have made a special effort to develop markets 
for apples south of the Equator. Direct trade with South America 
may be said to have begun five years ago. Prior to that time sup- 
plies had been secured principally from England and Australia, 
apples from the United States frequently goimg to these markets 
through the hands of English dealers. Direct sales to South Amer- 
ican markets were small in the first year, and they were made sub- 
ject to acceptance upon arrival, the shipper paying all freight and 
insurance charges and collecting through the medium of English 
banks by sight draft attached to the documents. 
The shipments from New York direct to South America increased 
approximately 400 per cent in the first four years after direct trade 
began. No consignments were attempted without previous sale 
