14 BULLETIN 302, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
shippers and receivers, sales beimg made readily and adjustments of 
difficulties more easily effected upon the basis of its standards. It 
may be said that the New York growers strived to comply with the 
law. Many, fearing that they could not do so, marketed their crops 
in bulk during the fall, and much inferior stock was kept at home, 
thus leaving the market to the better grades. 
The New York State law differs from the Federal apple grade and 
package law, commonly known as the Sulzer law, which is not 
mandatory. Some packers who may have failed to comply with or 
who did not desire to grade by the New York State law have attempted 
to take advantage of the conflict between the two laws. The New 
York State law does not prevent compliance with the Sulzer but 
imposes additional requirements as to grading. It frequently 
occurred in case of condemnation by the State inspectors that the 
packers erased the New York markings and substituted brands 
allowed by the Federal law. 
With the enactment of grade and package laws in other Common- 
wealths, there are likely to be many conflicts between the laws of 
the States and between State and National laws. The advisability 
of uniformity in legislation along these lines is apparent. Maine and 
Vermont now have individual laws providing for standard grades and 
packages for apples, and legislation is pending at present in Massa- 
chusetts, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. These laws are all 
very similar, and it is believed the fruit interests of the various 
sections will cooperate in securing as great uniformity as possible. 
Utah, Oregon, Washington, Montana, and Idaho. have laws fixing 
the standard box and providing for the elimination of wormy fruit, 
but the grades are not specified. These laws are believed to have 
rendered an excellent service in improving the general quality of 
fruit grown in the sections affected. 
COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS AND MOVEMENT. 
Reports emanating from unofficial sources indicated that sufficient 
cold-storage space was not available in the fall of 1914 for conserving 
the supply of apples for distribution throughout the winter and 
spring, and it is claimed that large quantities of apples wasted in the 
orchards for lack of storage facilities. 
Cold-storage owners must fill their space for as much of the year as 
possible. Eggs, butter, and other commodities are sources of revenue 
during the summer and early fall, especially in the markets, but these 
commodities generally give place sufficiently by the first of October 
to provide for the apple crop. During the past season, however, the 
egg market was very inactive, and stocks cleared very slowly. Space 
for apples, therefore, was in great demand, and many storages would 
quote only a season rate, whether the fruit was to be stored for a long 
