THE ASHES : THEIE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 
49 
The comparative growth of trees with varying amounts of growing 
space is shown in Table 22, giving the growth in 10 years of different 
crown classes; 1 predominant, dominant, codominant, intermediate, 
and suppressed. By thinning it is possible to make dominant trees 
out of desirable codominant and intermediate ones which are being 
crowded by less desirable trees, especially of other species. 
By thinnings it should be possible in some cases to secure the 
board-feet yields indicated in Table 18 from 5 to 10 years earlier, 
and increase accordingly the possible interest rate on the money 
invested, provided the thinnings can be made to pay for themselves. 
Very slight crowding of ash when comparatively young will develop 
long, straight, clear boles. As soon as these are established it is 
best, in order to get the most valuable development of the stand, 
to thin out so that each tree which is to form a part of the final crop 
will have its crown practically free on all sides (PI. XVI). It will 
usually be sufficient for purposes of heavy thinning if the boles are 
clear for 25 feet or more from the ground, or if the branches are all 
dead up to that height. 
Table 22. — Relation of crown class, age and size of trees, and size of crown, to rate of 
growth in diameter and volume of white ash in New York, growing in comparatively 
even-aged dense stands. 
TREES ON SANDY LOAM SOIL, OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
Average. 
Average crown. 
Growth in last 
10 years. 
Crown class. 
Age. 
Diam- 
eter 
breast- 
high. 
Height. 
Length. 
Width. 
Branch- 
wood 
2 inches 
or more 
in di- 
ameter. 
In di- 
ameter. 
In vol- 
ume of 
stem- 
wood 
inside 
bark. 
Basis. 
Suppressed 
Dominant 
Codominant 
Intermediate 
Predominant 
Dominant 
Codominant 
Intermediate 
Predominant 
Years. 
32 
41 
41 
40 
60 
60 
60 
60 
85 
Inches. 
4.1 
11.3 
9.2 
7.0 
17.4 
15.7 
12.4 
9.1 
19.1 
Feet. 
45.1 
67.1 
65.9 
57.9 
68.7 
77.9 
74.9 
69.3 
90.9 
Feet. 
17.2 
28.1 
23.8 
22.8 
40.1 
33.7 
27.9 
24. 6 
33.7 
Feet. 
10.6 
19.8 
16.3 
13.4 
20.2 
23.2 
17.7 
16.0 
30.3 
Cu.ft. 
Inches. 
1.1 
3.2 
2.3 
1.3 
2.7 
2.7 
1.8 
1.3 
4.5 
Cu.ft. 
1.02 
10.00 
6.31 
2.65 
15.41 
14.76 
7.94 
3.98 
30.30 
Trees. 
8 
2.16 
.72 
.05 
10.88 
4.72 
1.57 
.77 
8.78 
31 
41 
16 
17 
15 
6 
3 
i Under predominant, dominant, and codominant are included all trees which go to form the upper or 
main crown cover: (1) predominant, trees with crowns well above those of other trees; (2) dominant, trees 
with well-formed crowns, receiving light on all sides ; (3) codominant, trees with uneven crowns and crowded 
on the sides. The intermediate and suppressed classes include overtopped trees below the upper crown 
cover ; (4) intermediate, receiving some direct sunlight on tips of crowns; (5) suppressed, with tips of crowns 
shaded. 
6023°— Bull. 299—15 4 
