THE ASHES : THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 51 
SUMMARY OF SPECIES OF ASH FOR MANAGEMENT. 
The species of ash. suited for forest management on different sites 
and in different regions of the United States and methods of reforesta- 
tion to be used are summarized in Table 23. 
Table 23. — Summary of species for management in different regions. 
Region and character of site. 
Species to use in 
order of pref- 
erence. 
Possibility and 
method of natu- 
ral reproduction. 
Artificial reforestation. 
(1) New England, Middle, 
and Lake States: 
Dry upland (especial- 
ly south and west 
slopes). 
Fresh to moist upland 
(especially north 
and east slopes). 
Bottomland with fair 
surface or under 
drainage. 
Swamp 
(2) Central States, Southern 
Appalachians and Pied- 
mont regions: 
Dry upland (especial- 
ly south and west 
slopes). * 
Fresh to moist upland 
(especially north 
and east slopes). 
Bottomland with fair 
surface or under- 
drainage. 
Swamp 
(3) Atlantic and Gulf Coastal 
Plain region: 
Fair surface or sub- 
surface drainage. 
Swamp. 
(4) Prairie and Plains States: 
Upland 
Bottom land. 
(5) Pacific Coast region: 
River flats , 
(6) Southwest: 
Canyons. 
Irrigated land. 
Blue ash, on rich 
soils only; ex- 
perimental. 
White ash, and ex- 
p e r i m e ntally 
Biltmore ash. 
White ash, red 
ash, black ash. 
Black ash 
Blue and Biltmore 
ashes; on rich 
soils only. 
White and Bilt- 
more ashes. 
White and green 
ashes. 
Black, pumpkin, 
and green ashes. 
Green and pump- 
kin ashes. 
Pumpkin and 
green ashes. 
Red and green 
ashes . 
Green and red 
ashes. 
Oregon ash. 
Leatherleaf ashes 
( F. velutind and 
coriacea.) 
do 
Poor; shelterwood 
system; dibbling 
in seed. 
Fair; shelterwood 
system; dib- 
bling in seed. 
Good; clear cutting; 
seed dibbling. 
Fair; clear cutting; 
seed dibbling. 
Poor; shelterwood 
system; dib- 
bling in seed. 
Fair 
Good; clear cut- 
ting. 
Fair to poor; clear 
cutting; seed 
dibbling. 
Good; shelterwood 
and clear-cut- 
ting methods; 
seed dibbling. 
Fair to poor; clean 
cutting; seed 
dibbling. 
Poor. 
Fair.. 
Fair; clear cutting 
and shelterwood 
systems. 
Poor; shelterwood 
system. 
Planting of 2-foot seedlings, 
spaced 4 by 4 to 6 by 6 feet; cul- 
tivation for 2 years essential; 
preferably mixed plantations. 
Planting 6 by 6, or 8 by 8 if culti- 
vated two seasons; cultivation 
advisable. 
Planting 8 by 8, or seed spots. 
Subsequent thinnings. 
Planting of seedlings 6 by 6 feet. 
Planting 2-foot seedlings, 4 by 4 
to 6 by 6 feet; 2 years cultiva- 
tion; mixed plantations best. 
Planting 6 by 6 or 8 by 8 if culti- 
vated two seasons; cultivation 
advisable. 
Planting, 8 by 8, or seed spots. 
Subsequent thinnings. 
Planting of seedlings 6 by 6 feet. 
Planting 6 by 6 to 8 by 8 or seed 
spots. Subsequent thinnings. 
Planting 6 by 6. 
Planting 6 by 6 and cultivated 
two to four seasons. 
Planting 6 by 6 to 8 by 8 and cul- 
tivated. 
Planting 6 by i 
Planting 6 by 6. 
advised. 
Hardly to be 
Planting, irrigation, and Cultiva- 
tion four seasons. For shade 
trees and windbreaks only. 
