THE ASHES ! THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 27 
Table 7 .—Rate of growth of white ash on uplands in central New York. 
Age. 
A. On moist clay soil.* 
B. On fresh to moist sandy loam.2 
Fast growth. 
Average growth. 
Fast growth. 
Average growth. 
Diameter 
Diameter 
Diameter 
Diameter 
breast- 
Height. 
breast- 
Height. 
breast- 
Height. 
breast- 
Height. 
high. 
high. 
high. 
high. 
Years. 
Inches. 
Feet. 
Inches. 
Feet. 
Inches. 
Feet. 
Inches. 
Feet. 
10 
2.1 
25 
1.3 
17 
2.5 
29 
1.3 
17 
15 
3.7 
38 
2.4 
27 
5.5 
42 
3.0 
27 
20 
5.3 
50 
3.5 
36 
8.2 
52 
4.5 
34 
25 
6.7 
59 
4.5 
43 
10.4 
60 
5.9 
41 
30 
8.0 
67 
5.4 
49 
12.2 
67 
7.1 
47 
35 
9.2 
73 
6.2 
55 
13.9 
71 
8.3 
53 
40 
10.2 
77 
6.9 
59 
15.3 
75 
9.4 
57 
45 
11.2 
81 
7.6 
63 
16.6 
78 
10.3 
61 
50 
12.0 
83 
8.3 
66 
17.7 
79 
11.2 
65 
55 
12.9 
85 
8.9 
69 
18.7 
81 
12.2 
68 
60 
13.7 
87 
9.5 
71 
19.6 
81 
13.1 
71 
65 
14.5 
88 
10.1 
73 
20.4 
82 
13.9 
74 
70 
15.2 
89 
10.6 
75 
21.2 
83 
14.8 
76 
75 
16.0 
90 
11.2 
77 
22.0 
82 
15.6 
78 
80 
16.7 
92 
11.7 
79 
22.8 
83 
16.5 
81 
85 
90 
17.3 
17.9 
93 
94 
12.2 
12.6 
81 
82 
95 
18.5 
95 
13.1 
83 
100 
19.1 
97 
13.6 
85 
i Based on complete analyses of 47 trees, mostly 80 to 100 years old. 
2 Based on complete analyses of 138 trees, mostly 30 to 70 years old. 
The root systems of ash are wide-spreading, surface-feeding, very 
fibrous, and fairly deep-going, those of the more tolerant blue and 
black ashes being especially deep-going and often developing taproots, 
Green and pumpkin ashes growing in wet sloughs are usually bell- 
butted. 
The form and volume of ash trees of different species, diameters, 
and heights are given in Tables 25 to 46 in the Appendix. 
RATE OF GROWTH OF COMMERCIAL SPECIES. 
WHITE ASH. 
Table 7 shows the rate of growth, under favorable natural forest 
conditions, of second-growth white ash on moist clay upland and on 
fresh to. moist, sandy loam upland in central New York. 
Measurements in central New York on second-growth white ash 
on well-drained, alluvial bottom land, with a moist sandy loam soil, 
indicate an average rate of growth approximating that of fast growth 
on upland, sandy loam in the same locality. 
The growth of white ash on sandy loam soil averages faster at the 
outset than on the clay, but it is not so sustained. On the clay site 
white ash is more tolerant, the stand more crowded, and the growth 
in diameter of the average tree is necessarily somewhat slower; the 
better quality of the site, however, is indicated by the greater height 
attained and by the greater per acre yields. In managed stands of 
white ash on suitable uplands it would be possible to secure an aver- 
