12 BULLETIN 299, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
8. Oregon ash (F. oregona) Of some slight commercial importance in the coast 
region of the Northwest, on river flats. Occurs 
from sea level to 3,000 feet elevation, but of mer- 
chantable size, usually below 2,000 feet. Occurs 
in river bottoms and along streams with alder, 
laurel, maple, walnut, cottonwood, willow, oak, 
and in the lower limits of Douglas fir forest. It 
has excellent silvicultural possibilities. 
9„ Velvety ash (F. velutina). .. .Very slight commercial importance. Good possi- 
bilities as a shade and windbreak tree in the arid 
Southwest, especially if irrigated. Range vicin- 
ity limited to the Southwest, along streams. 
10. Leatherleaf ash (F. con'acea).. No commercial importance. Closely related to F. 
velutina, occurring in the same region, and is 
adapted to even more severe climatic conditions 
and suitable for similar uses. 
WATER ASH GROUP. 
11. Water ash (F. caroliniana) . . .Of very slight commercial or silvicultural impor- 
tance. Deep river swamps pi Atlantic and Gulf 
Coastal Plains from Virginia to Texas. Trees 
small and scattering, chiefly under shade of 
larger trees. 
12. Water ash (F. pauciflora) Of very slight commercial or silvicultural impor- 
tance. Less frequent than F. caroliniana. Deep 
swamps in St. Marys River, Ga., to lower Appa- 
lachicola River, Fla. (Sargent). 
BLACK ASH GROUP. 
13. Blue ash (F. quadrangulata) . .Commercially of some slight importance, chiefly in 
the limestone regions of Kentucky, Tennessee, 
Indiana, and Ohio. Better wood than black ash, 
and good for planting on dry limestone soils. - Not 
a good reproducer. 
14. Single leaf ash (F. anonola).. No commercial or silvicultural importance — not 
much more than a shrub. Grows along streams 
in arid country — McElmo River, southwestern 
Colorado, through Utah, to southern Nevada. 
15. Black ash (F. nigra) Commercially the third most important ash, but 
wood inferior to white and green ash. In plan- 
tations it grows equally fast. It is primarily a 
tree of northern swamps, not a good reproducer, 
and not holding its own in second-growth forests. 
SHRUB ASH GROUP. 
No commercial or silvicultural importance. 
16. F. cuspidata Rocky slopes and dry ridges, valley of Rio Grande, 
in Texas and New Mexico, southward into Mexico. 
17. F. greggii Dry limestone cliffs and ledges, valley of Rio 
Grande, from mouth of San Pedro to that of 
Pecos River, south into Mexico. 
