THE ASHES : THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 7 
2. Green Ash Group. Wings of samara decurrent on body of seed to 
its middle. 
a. Twigs, petioles, and pedicels glabrous. 
(4) F. lanceolata 1 — leaflets 7 to 9 in number, 3 to 6 inches in 
length, lanceolate to acuminate, and rachis grooved. 
(5) F. berlandieriana — leaflets 5 to 7 in number, 2 to 6 
inches in length, oval or obovate. 
b. Twigs, petioles, and pedicels velvety pubescent. 
1. Leaflets stalked, subsessile, or sessile — eastern species. 
(6) F. profunda — samara 2J to 3 inches long, samara 
body somewhat compressed, leaflets stalked. 
(7) F. pennsylvanica 1 — samara 1 to 2 inches long, 
samara body round and long-linear, leaflets 
sometimes sessile. 
2. Leaflets subsessile or sessile — western species. 
(8) F. oregona — seed body slightly compressed (Pacific 
coast tree) . 
(9) F. velutina 2 — seed body round (southwestern tree). 
(10) F. coriacea — seed body compressed. Thicker, 
more leathery, longer-stemmed, and broader 
leaflets than F. velutina. 
B. Fruit body compressed. Seed kernel long-linear and terete as in green 
ash. Wings of samara extending to its base and broad. Bark light 
gray with small, thin, closely appressed scales. Flowers dioecious. 
3. Water Ash Group. 
(11) F. caroliniana — leaflets 5 to 7, ovate-oblong; fruit elliptical 
to spatulate, often 3-winged, acute at apex. 
(12) F. pauciflora — leaflets 3 to 5, oblong; fruit lanceolate to 
oblanceolate, rounded and emarginate at apex. Hardly 
more than a form of F. caroliniana. 
C. Fruit body and seed kernel flat. Wings of samara extending to its base, 
and broad. Bark gray and scaly. Flowers perfect or polygamous. 
4. Black Ash Group. 
a. Twigs 4-sided ; flowers perfect. 
(13) F. quadrangulata — 5 to 9 leaflets, ovate-oblong to lance- 
olate, coarsely serrate, rounded or wedge-shaped at 
base. 
(14) F. anomala — 1 to 3 leaflets (mostly 1); flowers some- 
times polygamous. 
b. Twigs round; flowers polygamous ; northern species. 
(15) F. nigra — leaflets 5 to 11, oblong-lanceolate, gradually 
acuminate, laterals being sessile. 
iDr. Britton in his Illustrated Flora (1913 ed.) gives F. lanceolata as a pseudonym for F. -pennsylvanica 
and gives two other species in this group distinguished from F. pennsylvanica as follows: 
Wing of samara long-linear F. darlingtonii. 
Wing of samara long-linear spatulate or oblong-spatulate: 
Samaras broadly spatulate; leaves firm, entire F. michauxii. 
Samaras narrowly spatulate; leaves thin, serrate, or entire F. pennsylvanica. 
In addition he has F. campestris, with lateral leaflets sessile, as a western plains form of F. pennsylvanica. 
2 Under this is included F. toumeyi (Britton), with leaflets distinctly stalked, a rare form. 
