THE ASHES I THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 
the impossibility of the second growth's keeping pace with the annual 
cut, which will be increasingly marked as the supply of old growth 
disappears. 
About 98 per cent of the ash lumber produced in the United States 
is from the three important commercial species — white (F. americana), 
green (F. lanceolata), and black ash (F. nigra). The species which 
make up the remaining 2 per cent of the lumber cut are Oregon (F. 
oregona), blue (F. quadrangulata) , Biltmore (F. biltmoreana) , pumpkin 
(F. profunda), and red ash {F. pennsylvanica) , which all have good 
silvicultural possibilities. Commercially there are only two kinds of 
ash lumber recognized — white ash and brown ash — and even these are 
usually sold together under the common name of ash, because many 
of the uses to which the lumber is put do not require their separation. 
The term " green ash" is unknown commercially, and all the lumber 
cut from this species is marketed as white ash or simply ash. 
Tables 1 and 2 show for each species its cut in each ash-producing 
region of the United States, its proportion of the total cut, and its 
relative importance in the region. These tables are based on census 
data for 1910. From these data the cut of ash by counties was deter- 
mined and careful estimates made by the author of the proportion of 
each species in each county for which a report was made by the census. 
Table 1. — Cut of ash, by regions and species. 
Region. 
New England 
Middle Atlantic States 
Lake States (Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Minnesota) 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, West Virginia, 
Kentucky, Tennessee 
South Atlantic States and Alabama. . 
Lower Mississippi Valley, including 
Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, 
Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. . 
Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and South 
Dakota 
Washington, Oregon, California 3 
Per 
cent of 
total in 
United 
States. 
5.5 
7.4 
19.3 
32.8 
5.7 
28.8 
.2 
.3 
Total 
cut in 
region 
(1,000 
board 
feet). 
12, 965 
17, 370 
45, 334 
76,927 
13, 307 
67,678 
t 
Total 100 234,715 
534 
600 
White ash. 1 
1,000 
board 
feet. 
10, 865 
13, 945 
13, 630 
53,950 
5,405 
6,900 
185 
104, 880 
Per 
cent of 
total in 
region. 
83.8 
80.3 
30.1 
70.1 
40.6 
10.2 
34.6 
44.7 
Green ash. - 
1,000 
board 
feet. 
16, 437 
7,902 
60, 778 
349 
Per 
cent of 
total in 
region. 
0.3 
3.5 
21.4 
59.4 
65.4 
Black ash. 
1,000 
board 
feet. 
2,100 
3,370 
Per 
cent of 
total in 
region. 
16.2 
19.4 
30,098 66.4 
6, 540 S. 5 
37.1 i 42, 10S 
1 Includes small per cent of Biltmore and blue ash. 
2 Includes small per cent of pumpkin and red ash. 
3 All Oregon ash. 
