UNITED 
Contribution from the Forest Service 
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
December 13, 1915 
THE ASHES: THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 
AND MANAGEMENT 
By 
W. D. STERRETT, Forest Examiner, Forest Service 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Importance 1 
Lumber Cut . 2 
Use by Industries 4 
Groups and Species 6 
Silricultural Significance 9 
Relative Importance of Species .... 11 
Occurrence 13 
Soil, Moisture, and Light Requirements . 17 
Reproduction 19 
Injuries 23 
Form and Development 25 
Yields 32 
Value of Standing Timber 34 
Forest Management ........ 36 
Rotation 39 
Species for Timber Growing 39 
Natural v. Artificial Reforestation ... 40 
Reforesting by Natural Means .... 41 
Reforesting by Artificial Means .... 44 
Thinnings 48 
Summary 51 
Appendix 52 
WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1915 
