BUD VARIATION IN THE VALENCIA ORANGE. 
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established plantings should be discouraged. For these reasons 
it seems wise for the present to concentrate effort upon the stabiliza- 
tion of the Valencia strain by means of bud selection based on per- 
formance records and intimate knowledge of the individual tree. 
THE UNINTENTIONAL PROPAGATION OF UNDESIRABLE STRAINS. 
The prevailing method of securing bud wood of the Valencia 
variety has been to cut it either from bearing trees in established 
orchards, or, to a limited extent, from young nursery or nonbearing 
trees. Where the buds 
have been cut from 
bearing trees little or, 
usually, no selection of 
parent trees has been 
practiced. 
Bud variations have 
been propagated unin- 
tentionally by nursery- 
men because the exist- 
ence and importance 
of such variations have 
been unknown until 
very recently. The 
occurrence of individ- 
ual trees in the per- 
formance-record plats 
bearing mainly fruit 
identical with the fruit 
variations occurring 
individually or as limb 
sports in other trees 
and the existence of 
similar limb sports in 
the parent trees from 
which the performance- 
record trees were prop- 
agated are evidences of 
the propagation of these diverse strains from bud variations. From 
the fact that the most variable trees are usually the most vigorous in 
vegetative growth and that the most vigorous-growing, nonfruit- 
bearing wood has been usually selected for propagation, the propor- 
tion of trees of the variable strains in established orchards has been 
increasing continually in the later plantings as compared with the 
early propagations of this variety. Because of the lack of knowl- 
edge in the past of the existence of bud variations, no one can 
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Fig. 8.— Diagram showing the average number of seeds found in 
fruits from the trees of the various strains of the Valencia orange 
in the investigational performance-record plat during the 4-year 
period, 1912 to 1915, inclusive. A large, a medium, and a small 
fruit from each of the three grades, that is, nine fruits from each 
tree, were cut each season and the seeds from each fruit carefully 
counted. 
