WINTER RATIONS AND PASTURE GAINS OF CALVES. 
Q) 
field in the spring. This provides in the year following the wheat 
crop a mixed hay of approximately one-half timothy and one-half 
clover. The mixed hay used in this work was obtained in this 
manner. 
In making rye hay the seed is sown in the fall, as it would be for 
raising grain, except that more seed per acre is used. In the spring, 
just before the rye blooms, it is cut and cured. 
Fig. 3. — Lot 1, calves fed corn silage, rye hay, and cottonseed meal, 
the end of the winter period, April 25, 1919. 
CHARACTER OF PASTURE. 
Photographed at 
Each year the calves were turned on to a rather rough, hilly pas- 
ture of about 200 acres, one-half of which is woodland. A small 
stream, which flows through the pasture, provides an abundance of 
fresh water at all times throughout the summer. 
The soil is of limestone formation. A fairly good growth of blue 
grass with white clover is found on all parts of the pasture not in 
timber. Under normal climatic conditions there is rainfall enough 
to keep the grass growing throughout the season. However, the 
latter part of the summer of 1917 was so dry that the calves made 
only small gains, as shown in figures 6, 7, and 8. 
METHOD OF FEEDING AND HANDLING THE CALVES. 
In the fall before starting the calves on winter feed they were 
divided into lots of 10 each. In making this division care was taken 
to have the lots as nearly uniform as possible in quality, breeding, 
size, and condition. The different lots were given the same amount 
of space in open sheds with small outside lots about 30 by 60 feet 
