THE PIXK BOLLWOBM. 7 
practically valueless by the insect. They further illustrate the rapid 
increase of infestation of green bolls with the advance of the season, 
and indicate the possibility of a high reduction of yield, particu- 
larly in all late-maturing cottons where the second and third pick- 
ings are of importance. Fortunately for Egypt, one of the principal 
varieties of cotton grown there, the Sakellarides, matures its crop 
early and yields most of its cotton with the first picking. In spite 
of this favorable condition, however, and of expensive control opera- 
tions enforced by the Government, a very conservative estimate by 
experts indicates a loss of at least 17 per cent to the Egyptian crop 
due to this insect. In the Hawaiian Islands the pink bollworm has 
prevented the development of the cotton industry which at one time 
showed considerable promise. With relation. to German East Africa 
a statement is made that the pest normally becomes so abundant in 
two or three years after its introduction in the field as to necessitate 
abandoning the crop (11). 
In Brazil the Minister of Agriculture recently has collected data 
for an estimate of the damage to the cotton crop caused by the pink 
bollworm by addressing communications to the governors of the 
principal cotton-producing states of the Republic. The following is 
a summary of the results of this investigation : 
Losses on account of ravages of pink bollworm in Brazil: Crop of 1917. 
Brazilian state. American currency. 
Maranhac $ 750.000 
Piauhy ___ 500,000 
Ceara 10,000,000 
Rio Grande do Norte 2.500,000 
Parahyba 5,925,000 
Pernambuco 5.750,000 
A-lagoas 1,575,000 
The loss referred to in the table ran from 30 per cent of the crop 
in the State of Alagoas to two-thirds of the crop, or 30,000 metric 
tons, in the State of Ceara. 
In Mexico the actual injury caused by the pink bollworm was 
investigated by the Joint Commission representing the Mexican and 
American commissions. This commission visited many plantations 
in the Laguna in 1917. It reported that the loss to the crop of 1917 
chargeable to the pink bollworm was not less than 30 per cent. Mr. 
August Busck, who was a member of the commission, personally 
estimated losses ranging from 30 to 50 per cent, with individual 
fields showing even higher losses. 
DESCRIPTION AND LIFE HISTORY. 
The pink bollworm has four stages, namely, egg,, larva, pupa, and 
adult or moth. The moth (fig. 2) resembles somewhat the common 
