16 BULLETIN 723, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
which was found to have an infestation by the pink bollworm of 
about 20 per cent. Thanks to the quarantine law in Arizona and the 
activity of Dr. A. TT. Morrill, the State entomologist, the whole ship- 
ment was destroyed b} T fire. 
A little later (Aug. 18, 1913), on the recommendation of the ex- 
perts of the Bureaus of Entomology and Plant Industry of this 
department, this quarantine was amended in such manner as to pro- 
vide, under regulation, for the entry, for milling only, of cotton 
seed from the States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. A 
still later amendment permitted the introduction of seed from other 
of the northern states of Mexico. 
The reasons advanced for allowing such entry of Mexican cotton 
seed were that no insects which were not found in the United States 
were known to occur there, and that the culture of cotton is more or 
less continuous with that in the United States. The absence of any 
cotton pests in the Republic of Mexico which did not occur in the 
United States" at that time had been established by field inspections 
by several of the entomologists of the department. 
To protect the United States from the possible entry of the pink 
bollworm from the Territory of Hawaii, a domestic quarantine was 
promulgated June 24, 1913, prohibiting the importation of cotton 
seed and cottonseed hulls from this territory. 
It was thought that the United States was sufficiently safeguarded 
against the pink bollworm by the quarantines against cotton seed 
as such, but it soon came to notice that considerable quantities of seed 
were coming to the United States in bales of lint. A careful ex- 
amination of picker waste from a large number of bales of Egyptian 
cotton was made. It was found that considerable numbers of seeds 
passed around the rollers in the gins and some between the roller 
and the knife through small openings due to wear. The waste 
from 37 bales which was examined showed sound seeds, some of them 
infested, varying from 27 to 600 per bale. The average per bale was 
215. The variation in the different bales depended upon the grade 
of the cotton, the lower grades having many more seeds than the 
better ones. It was estimated on the basis of the examination of 
waste from the 37 bales that over 16,000 live larvae of the pink boll- 
worm were being brought to the United States each year, of which 
several hundred went to the mills in the cotton belt. 
It thus became evident that a quarantine which did not take into 
consideration the seeds in bales of lint was inadequate. Conse- 
quently in May, 1914, a public hearing was held to discuss various 
means of protection. The different proposals made were that foreign 
cotton be excluded altogether from the United States: that it be ad- 
mitted only under a guaranty that all seeds had been eliminated, or 
