26 BULLETIN 1, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
square of window area to each 600 cubic feet of air space to represent the 
minimum. The coverings of such windows shall be kept free from dust and 
dirt. 
HO. Exclusion of flies, etc. — All necessary measures should be taken to prevent 
the entrance of flies and other insects and rats and other vermin into all the 
buildings. 
11. Exclusion of animals from the herd. — No horses, hogs, dogs, or other ani- 
mals or fowls shall be allowed to come in contact with the certified herd, either 
in the stables or elsewhere. 
12. Bedding. — No dusty or moldy hay or straw, bedding from horse stalls, 
or other unclean materials shall be used for bedding the cows. Only bedding 
which is clean, dry. and absorbent may be used, preferably shavings or straw. 
13. Cleaning stable and disposal of manure. — Soiled bedding and manure shall 
be removed at least twice daily, and the floors shall be swept and kept free 
from refuse. Such cleaning shall be done at least one hour before the milking 
time. Manure, when removed, shall be drawn to the field or temporarily stored 
in containers so screened as to exclude flies. Manure shall not be even tempo- 
rarily stored within 300 feet of the barn or dairy building. 
14. Cleaning of cows. Each cow in the herd shall be groomed daily, and no 
manure, mud. or filth shall be allowed to remain upon her during milking; for 
cleaning, a vacuum apparatus is recommended. 
15. Clipping. — Long ha'irs shall be clipped from the udder and flanks of the 
cow and from the tail above the brush. The hair on the tail shall be cut so 
that the brush may be well above the ground. 
16. Cleaning of udders. — The udders and teats of the cow shall be cleaned be- 
fore milking: they shall be washed with a cloth and water, and dry wiped with 
another clean sterilized cloth — a separate cloth for drying each cow. 
17. Feeding. — All foodstuffs shall be kept in an apartment separate from and 
not directly communicating with the cow barn. They shall be brought into the 
barn only immediately before the feeding hour, which shall follow the milking. 
18. Only those foods shall be used which consist of fresh, palatable, or nu- 
tritious materials, such as will not injure the health of the cows or unfavorably 
affect the taste or character of the milk. Any dirty or moldy food or food in 
a state of decomposition or putrefaction shall not be "given. 
19. A well-balanced ration shall be used, and all changes of food shall be 
made slowly. The first few feedings of grass, alfalfa, ensilage, green corn, or 
other green feeds shall be given in small rations and increased gradually to 
full ration. 
20. Exercise. — All dairy cows shall be turned out for exercise at least 2 hours 
in each 24 in suitable weather. Exercise yards shall be kept free from manure 
and other filth. 
21. Washing of hands. — Conveniently located facilities shall be provided for 
the milkers to wash in before and during milking. 
22. The hands of the milkers shall be thoroughly washed with soap, water. 
and brush and carefully dried on a clean towel immediately before milking. 
The hands of the milkers shall be rinsed with clean water and carefully dried 
before milking each cow. The practice of moistening the hands with milk is 
forbidden. 
23. Milking clothes. — Clean overalls, jumper, and cap shall be worn during 
milking. They shall be washed or sterilized each day and used for no other 
purpose, and when not in use they shall be kept in a clean place, protected from 
dust and dirt. 
24. Tilings to he avoided by milkers. — While engaged about the dairy or in 
handling the milk employees shall not use tobacco nor intoxicating liquors. 
