MARKETING CREAMERY BUTTER. 15 
The shipping tag on each package should carry the necessary rout- 
ing instructions so that those handling the shipment may be fully in- 
formed of the service desired. 
The advantages of this arrangement are twofold : First, movement 
of the product under refrigeration over a greater part of the route is 
obtained ; second, the transportation costs are often less for the com- 
bined express and freight services than the regular through express 
charges. 
REFRIGERATION SERVICE FOR BUTTER ON THE GREAT LAKES. 
Inland waterway service has not been generally used for butter 
transportation. During the past two years, with three boats on the 
Great Lakes equipped with refrigerator compartments, a consider- 
able quantity of butter was shipped by boat from Duluth, Minn., 
to Buffalo, N. Y., where much of it was reshipped by rail to eastern 
markets. This service has been generally satisfactory to those who 
have used it, and a saving in freight costs of approximately one- 
quarter cent per pound has been obtained. 
OCEAN AND COASTWISE TRANSPORTATION. 
Facilities for ocean and coastwise transportation of butter under 
refrigeration have been established to some extent. A large portion 
of the butter in coastwise trade is carried without refrigeration. This 
is true on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts where the time between 
points is 48 hours or less. Some of the steamers have small refriger- 
ator rooms which are used for butter as well as for milk, cheese, 
and other perishable products. With the development of trade 
through the Panama Canal, steamers sailing from the ports of the 
Pacific coast probably will be equipped with refrigeration so as to 
handle butter, as there is an increasing surplus on the Pacific coast 
for which markets may be obtained in the eastern and southeastern 
parts of the United States or in export trade. 
COOPERATIVE CAR-LOT SHIPPING. 
In various sections of the United States country creameries have 
cooperated in obtaining a special scheduled " pick-up " refrigerator- 
car service, and in concentrating local shipments into carload lots. 
By this means freight charges have been less and the butter has 
reached the market in better condition. When a number of cream- 
eries are located on the same railroad or in close proximity to each 
other, cooperative car-lot marketing may be a great advantage. 
