36 BULLETIN 456, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
different, and both advertising and salesmanship may be employed 
effectively. It is highly important in marketing a branded product 
that a certain standard of quality be maintained in the product, that a 
distinctive brand be adopted, and a sanitary and attractive package 
be used. 
SUMMARY. 
A knowledge of the various market requirements, marketing 
methods, and marketing facilities is essential for the successful mar- 
keting of creamery butter. 
Particular attention should be given to the market requirements 
as regards quality of butter and size and style of packages. Critical 
markets require a clean-flavored, firm-bodied, well-made piece of 
butter for which they pay the highest prices. Butter of inferior 
quality is discriminated against by critical buyers and usually sells 
at prices considerably below the better grades. 
The use of neat and attractive containers, standardized to a uni- 
form size and style, is highly desirable both for local and foreign 
markets. Carelessly packed butter has not only a poor appearance 
but also usually brings a lower price. 
The branding of bulk butter packages (tubs and cubes) with the 
gross, tare, net weight, and churning number greatly facilitates the 
handling and inspection of butter in the market. 
The use of consumers' packages for butter is increasing. A 
standardization of these, particularly the cartons, is especially 
desirable. 
Market grades for butter have been established by a number of 
wholesale produce organizations. TVTnle these conform quite closely 
to a uniform standard it is generally conceded that butter which will 
pass in some markets for a certain grade may be classed differently 
in another, owing to a different standard of quality which the butter 
inspector may use. 
The employment of butter inspectors and the maintenance of 
market inspection is at present provided in the wholesale markets by 
the organizations of wholesale butter distributors. It has been sug- 
gested that the promulgation of Government grades for butter and 
the maintenance of a Federal inspection service would facilitate 
market distribution and the establishment of more accurate quota- 
tions on creamery butter. 
Quotations for butter are determined in most markets by market- 
reporting agencies. Among the market quotations which have the 
widest trading influences are those established at New York, Chicago, 
and Elgin, 111., and San Francisco. 
The distribution of butter in the larger cities is generally effected 
by wholesale distributors commonly termed wholesale receivers or 
