FOOD HABITS OF THRUSHES. 15 
except by flycatchers and swallows, which take their food upon the 
wing. The flies eaten by the olive-back are mostly crane flies 
(Tipulide) or March flies (S7bi0), both in the adult and ‘larval 
state. Crane flies are slow of wing and frequent shady places. The 
larvee of both groups are developed in moist ground, and often in 
colonies of several hundred. With these habits it is not surprising 
that they fall an easy prey to the thrushes. 
Hemiptera (bugs), a small but rather constant element of the 
food, were found in the stomachs collected every month, and in July 
reach 11.11 per cent. They were of the families of stinkbugs (Penta- 
tomide), shield bugs (Scutelleridx), tree hoppers (Membracide), 
leaf hoppers (Jasside), and cicadas. Some scales were found in one 
stomach. The total for the season is 3.76 per cent. A few insects 
not included in any of the foregoing categories make up 0.48 per 
cent of the food. Spidersy with a few millipeds, amount to 2.22 per 
cent, the lowest figure for this item of any bird of the genus Hylo- 
cichla. Snails, sowbugs, angleworms, etc. (0.32 per cent), complete 
the animal food. 
Following is a list of insects identified and the number of stomachs 
in which found: 
HYMENOPTERA. ADROGUSANGUINCHUS 2 es 
; ADROGIWS: SpEetse fess ee ee eee 
Camponotus pennsylvanicus____~----_ if! P i P 
Tinhia inornata 4 | Ccolmunes: Sp-—— = 
Son eee ee aye Dichelonycha elongata_______§ 
COLEOPTERA. Lachnosterna hirticula ____________-_- 
TACRNOSLEL NGS) ee ee 1 
AML ONUGUG, AUT GALL OE as 
Anromolas Spree rey Snr ee ae es 
LHOWO) NO POUE 5 OAKOOG KE ae es ee 
IB OO COE GOCHAG ODOT A AO 
ENCMOMGRNIG LL CORNIS= 2 a= eee 
SYUnectispelida, =e eee 
Leptinotarsa decemlineata_______~--~ 
Gastroidea =sp] ee eee 
Galerucellasde¢o.s SSS 
DAGGTOWCH SOTOT pee ee ee ee 
Di@pnotica Spais = eae fae eee eee 
Gonioctena palita> = 
WUPCLOUES OLA UUs ee 
OD GETATEUS LOLS ee ee eee 
DBDIODSTUNUS MECCOUAGUS == ae = eee 
BLODSTUNUS | NL OCS 1 Se 
BUCDSEUNUS = See eee ee eee 
Otiorhynchus .otetis =e 
ANOLE MWUSTS eae ere 
CErcopeusrecniysonmnes —— 
Barypunesspelluciius == Se 
Sitones flavescens2-2— 22> 2 
SS TUOMUCS aS Py a as ee eee eee 
PRYLONOMUS=DUN CLAUS = 
PACHULOOVEST, DUGTUO TUS 
Conotrachelus posticatus ___-——____—— 
WiCrOoMaStUs: CLEIGNS = eee 
ACOULCSMCLODOLUS ee ee ee 
Cryptorhynchus bisignatus____—___—--- 
Rhnoneus pyrrhopus—.——— = 
COO LPLIS ETL GD ULES 5 
Cuchrus stenostomus=———-— = = 
Notiophilus eneus___________________ ; 
EL CLOSUUGHIUSES OU See Se SS 
-Pterotichus lustrans_______=-___---~-~ 
AMNOLG ANCCESTUNGNSS = 22 ee ee 
RETO EL OIL een ee es Se 
LAGID OD LUIS DULY 
SO 
Staphylinus cinnamopterus___________ 
Tachyporus californicus ————___--____ 
CeelOCORUS OT 0USE= = sa 
SEM GUIS FOES a = Se ee 
TFASLEFSQINCTICINUS Be ee ee ee 
UNSSC ULUATUS S22) es Shee 
UI SESCIICOULS See ea eee Se ee 
PA GTSOUCSESUOOLUIG a ee TE 
Pe GUCOTALSEILEULCOULS ee ee ee 
Cadionisemodestus.- = ae ee 
SAID USED EE Sp II SS Reel hs EE 
meienharusicarolinus = See 
ELCLENNOVUSEOUINCATUS ~~ ees 
ReElEDROTUS ILISUSS = oe es 
Onthophagus hecate_________________ 
Onthophagus striatulus______________ 
Onthophagus tuberculifrons__________ 
LIOR ILAGIUSTS ae ees eee sl eee 
Adware Godtiwe O22 
ADLOCMUS LONGUS. wee Se ee 
Aphodius fimetaris_—-- 
Be Reed OR Hb DBP HP RHP BP BEBE Ee Hee 
Pee fe RR DR OH OD 
sr) 
