16 BULLETIN 280, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Balnnis Se 3 TRICHOPTERA. 
Sphenophorus parvulus_____—-------- 1 
SDILENGDNGrUS Sp SS 1 | Phryganea californica_____________-_ rt 
Scoljits ines See 1 
HEMIPTERA. 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Mi OMOChOISCrTADES= == =a Ee ee if 
Bdenma-aoif{1.0ns. = ieee te NWeSimeqndiaden a] eee a ee il 
This list of insects contains a considerable number of injurious 
species and some that at various times and places have become de- — 
cided pests. Such are the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa de- 
cemlineata) , the spotted squash beetle (Diabrotica soror), the clover- 
leaf weevil (Phytonomus punctatus), and the various species of 
Lachnosterna, the parent of the destructive white grubs. Many 
others are plant feeders and may increase to. such an extent as to 
inflict great damage upon agriculture. 
Vegetable food.—The vegetable food of the olive-backed thrush 
consists of small fruit. The bird has a weak bill and can not break 
through the tough skin of the larger kinds. In the cherry orchards 
of California the writer many times observed the western subspecies 
of this bird, the russet-back, on the ground pecking at cherries that 
had been bitten open and dropped by linnets and grosbeaks. Black- 
berries and raspberries have a very delicate skin and are successfully 
managed by weak-billed birds, so that all the records of domestic 
fruit eaten by the eastern form relate to these berries, and it is 
probable that in most cases the fruit was not cultivated. The total 
of cultivated fruit for the season is 12.63 per cent of the whole 
food, but if we consider the eastern subspecies alone this item would 
practically disappear. Wild fruit (19.73 per cent) is eaten regularly 
and in a goodly quantity in every month after April. Weed seeds 
and a few miscellaneous items of vegetable food (4.04 per cent) 
close the account. 3 
Following is a list of vegetable foods so far as identified and the 
number of stomachs in which found: 
White cedar seeds (Thuja occidentalis) _— 1 } Bird cherries (Prunus pennsylwanica) — dA 
Red cedar berries (Juniperus commu- Domestic cherries (Prunus cerasus)___ 29 
IHS) Se SE Le meta pS Sh a oh 2 | Domestic plum (Prunus domestica) ___ 
False Solomon’s seal (Smilacina tri- Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) ——--__—_— 
jag Neel es Ee eee PS ae eS A eae ee > | Hilaree (Erodium sp.) _— =o eee 
Greenbrier (Smilaz tamnifolia)_______ 1 | Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba) __ ia ee 
ean wrier) (Similar sp). ee 1 | Staghorn sumac (Rhus hirta)__~______ 
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) ______ > | Dwarf sumac (Rhus copallina)_____ ~~ 
NEUIMOrY: CALOTALS (SPs) 2s 8 sees ee eee 2 | Other sumac (Rhus sp.) 22 
ig (Ficus sp.) Pepper tree (Schinus molle) ~-_-__-_-- 
Pale persicaria (Polygonum lapathi- American holly (Jler opaca) 
NAN OOH HEHE hw hb hH wb 
iD AI ELCs tan aR BSS ey ea el ee See 1 | Black alder (Ilex verticillata) ________ 
Poke berries (Phytolacca decandra) —__ 9 | Coffee berries (Rhamnus californicus) — 
Mountain ash (Pyrus americana) —___~_ 1 } Woodbine (Psedera quinquefolia)_____ 1 
Service berries (Amelanchier sp.)_~__~- 1 | Frost grape (Vitis cordifolia) ________ 
Blackberries or raspberries (Rubus sp.)_ 67 Spikenard (Aralia racemosa) __~-~__ ~~ 
SORE Usb S “CIDOB: 8D) ees ere 1 | Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) —- 
Wild black cherries (Prunus serotina)_ 15 | Kinnikinnik (Cornus amomum) —-___ —— 
