SHEEP—UNITED STATES, NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA. ao 
Certificate will be given only to those passing in the three grades. 
Before a certificate will be issued, a report from the owner or repre- 
sentative for efficiency in “ wool rolling” and “ piece picking ” during 
one month’s work in a shed of at least 10 shearers must be obtained, 
and the student must class the wool, supervise piece pickers and wool 
rollers in a shearing shed to be named for one run (1 hour and 20 
minutes) to the satisfaction of two examiners. 
New Zealand has day technical schools which include agricul- 
ture as one of the studies. Technical work, including such subjects 
as wool classing, was taught at 132 centers in 1918. At 70 per cent 
of these centers 1,700 students were taught “wool sorting and class- 
ing, shearing, dairying, veterinary service, agriculture, and horti- 
culture.” The Christchurch Technical College has a term of three 
months and requires an attendance of nine hours per week in the 
course on wool classing. The outline of the course is as follows: 
Students are taught how to pick up, roll, skirt, class, and bale wool for the 
Colonial, London, Continental, and American markets. 
Farmers are instructed how to flay and prepare sheep skins and hides for 
market, both in the dry and green state, and valuation of same at per skin 
and by weight. 
Notes and short lectures are given weekly. 
Wool sorting is taught according to Bradford Spinners’ Count Qualities, 
ranging from 32’s to 80’s. 
Second-year students are taught how to estimate the clear yield of wool on a 
top and noil basis. 
The education pertaining to wools offered in Australia and New 
Zealand is mainly calculated to aid production and train young men 
for employment with woolgrowers. The only instruction in wools 
offered in the United States is at a very few textile colleges, which 
prepare their students to engage in some phase of the manufacture 
of woolen goods. Although the position of the sheep industry in 
this country is not relatively so prominent as in Australia, yet its 
present status and need of development call for educational facili- 
ties that do not now exist. There are great areas in the Rocky Moun- 
tain and other Western States which in the interests of public wel- 
fare and true economy should always be used for sheep raising. 
While it is beyond the present scope of State institutions to conduct 
experiments on a scale commensurate with that of ordinary range 
operations, men and facilities are available for giving instruction 
that will help to put wool production upon a more skillfully con- 
ducted and remunerative basis. 
SHEEP RAISERS’ ORGANIZATIONS. 
Six strong pastoralists’ associations in Australia are federated to 
form a single body, called “The Pastoralists’ Federal Council of 
