12 
BULLETIN - 320, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
It is interesting to note that these opinions vary with the different 
kinds of soil. Where there is a sandy or loamy soil underlain with 
a heavy clay subsoil, as in Maury County, Tenn., the practice of sub- 
soiling is popular. Where the subsoil is of a loamy character, as in 
Christian County, Ky., the practice is not considered profitable. 
Table V. — Corn culture in regard to subsoiling, drainage, and tillage before 
plowing in twenty-one regions of the United States. 
Region covered (fig. 1). 
Subsoiling. 
Drainage (farmers 
reporting). 
Tillage before plowing. 
County and State. 
1 
& . 
r 
■ a 
| 
& 
© 
© 
M 
a 
© 
Farmers 
reporting — 
© 
© 
< 
I 
ft . 
fcO 
v.C 
© 
Farmers using — 
© 
>> 
© 
o 
to 
£ 
a 
< 
C3 . 
p 
1 
bJD 
O 
t-3 
\ 
Tipton, Ind 
Per 
cent. 
In. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
100 
100 
46.9 
100 
20.0 
Per 
cent. 
3.4 
3.4 
3.1 
44.0 
32.0 
Per 
cent. 
~~3.~4" 
Per 
cent. 
3.4 
3.4 
3.1 
40.7 
32.0 
Per 
cent. 
B 
Montgomery, Ohio 
Mercer, N. J 
r 

21.9 
r> 
Moultrie, 111 
3.4 
F 
Tama, Iowa 
i 
36.0 
34.6 
93.3 
68.0 
67.9 
38.5 
4.0 
87.5 
a79.0 
85.6 
Q30.0 
44.0 
3.8 
6.7 
12.0 
7.1 
F 
r T 
Maury, Tenn 
Hartford, Conn 
40.0 
Fall. 
12 
33.3 
H 
20.0 
T 
Bradford, Pa 
i 
J 
F 
Christian, Ky 
Hamilton, Nebr 
15.4 
Fall. 
12 
11.5 
3.8 
76.0 
24*6" 
3.8 
72.0 
L 
Rockwall and 
M 
N 
Scotland, N. C 
Augusta, Va 
5.3 
3.6 
Fall. 
...do.... 
11 
12 
15.8 
3.6 
5.3 
3.6 
18.0 
14.3 
100 
79.0 
50.0 
O 
P 
Bates, Mo 
4.0 
Spring. 
14 
4.0 
32.0 
100 
9.5 
8.0 
44.0 
7.1 
9.5 
71.4 
32.0 
60.0 
"9.T 
71.4 
16.0 
44.0 i 
Q 
7.1 
R 
4.8 
s 
Pike, Ala 
Holmes, Miss 
33.3 
4.0 
Spring. 
10 
11 
4.8 100 
4.0 i fin.n 
T 
20.0 
60.0 
4 
TT 
40.0 
i 
o Open ditches. 
Three principal types of drainage are practiced in the areas sur- 
veyed, namely, surface drainage, open ditches, and tiling. Surface 
drainage is practiced mostly in the rolling areas and where the soils 
are low in organic matter. The principal object of such drainage 
is to prevent erosion. This is accomplished by shallow surface 
ditches or terraces, which convey the surface water from the fields. 
These ditches are run with the contours and have enough fall to 
convey the water rapidly, but not enough to cause erosion. The 
terraces have less fall than the ditches and the water is conveyed 
more slowly. Occasionally surface ditches are employed in the bot- 
tom lands to carry off the surface water. In some areas the rolling 
lands are drained by surface ditches and the bottom lands tile 
drained, as in Tama County, Iowa. 
In Scotland County, X. C, and a part of Waushara County, Wis., 
the low lands are drained by deep, open ditches which surround the 
fields. These ditches collect the seepage water and answer the same 
