14 
BITLLETIX 320, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table VI. — Preparation for corn, showing farm practices in regard to times and 
depth of plowing and the use of plows of various sizes in twenty-one regions 
of the United state*. 
[The key letters under "Region covered" refer to counties and States as follows: A=Tipton, Ind.; B= 
Montsomerv, Ohio; C=Mercer, X. J.: D=Moultrie, 111.; E=Tama, Iowa; F= Kalamazoo, Mich. 5 
G= Maury. Term.; H=Hartlord, Conn.: 1= Bradford. Pa.: J= Christian, Ky.; K= Hamilton , Xebr.; 
L=Roekwall and Gravson, Tex.: M=3cotland. N. C: X= Augusta, Va.: 0= Waushara, Wis.: P= 
Bates, Mo.: Q= Alexander, X. C: R=Oklahoma, Okla.; S=Pike, Ala.: T=Holmes, Miss.; U= 
Russell, Kans.l 
ti 
Fall plowing. Spring plowing. 
Fall and 1 Farmers 
spring plow-| turning 
ing. furrows — 
Farmers using plows 
drawn by — 
-_ 
s 
> 
1 
- 
'—, ° 
— ii 
a? 
© 
> 
< 
Average 
depth. 
© 
o 
'ti 
- 
Month. 
o 
u. 
< 
m-9 
Month. 
= - 
1 
— 
GO 
> 
c 
© 
| s 
o 
■A 
I 
■o 
\ 
P.C. 
24.1 
10.3 
28.1 
32.2 
12.0 
Xov 
Xov., Dec. 
...do 
Sept., Oct. 
Oct 
In. 
6.5 
7.5 
6.3 
5. 7 
5.0 
P.C. 
75.9 Mar.. Apr. 
89.7 Mar .-Mav. 
71.9 Jan.. Mar.. 
Apr. 
67.8 Apr.. Mav. 
88.0... do' ..'.. 
In. 
6.7 
P.C. 
In. 
7.5 
9.6 
In. P.c. 
....100 
.... 96.6 
.... 96.9 
... 88.1 
.... 100 
P.C. 
P.C. 

P.cAp.c. 
6.9 82. B 
P.C. 
6 9 
P.C. 
3.4 
B 
C 
D 
F, 
7.4.... 
6. 3 ... . 
5.3.... 
4.8.... 
6. 6 ... . 
7.7 13.3 
3.4 
3.1 
11.9 
27.6 69.0 
50.0 34.4 
1.7 28.8 
56.0 
3.4 
15.6 
67. 8 
40.0 
26.9 
\l 
F 
3.8. ..do 
7.0 96.2|...do 
7.9 40.0> Mar 
7.0 92.0 Apr..Mav. 
6.7 78.6. ..do 
7.2 38 5 Apr 
6.0 92.0 Mar.. Anr. 
.... 100 
5. 100 
100 
7.7 61.6 
60.0 40.0 
3.8 
G 
46.7 
8.0 
21.4 
53.8 
8.0 
33.3 

28. 6 
50.0 
40.0 
7.1 

4.8 
4.0 
4.0 
Sept.. Xov. 
Oct.! 
Oct.. Xov. 
Xov 
Oct.. Dec. 
Sept., Dec. 
H 
7.4 
6.0 
6 6 
5.8 
5.6 
5.3 
7.8 
5.5 
5.7 
5.9 
5.1 
6.3 
4.8 
5.3 
7. 7 
76.0 24.0 
71.4 25.0 
23.1 76.9 
I 4. 
1 
.... 100 
7.0100 
100 
3.6 
T 
... 
K 
96.0 
74.9 
L 
M 
6.8 
37.5 Jan., Feb.. 
94.7 Jan.-Apr.. 
71 4 c\n 
29.2 6.7 7.0 
5. 3 10. 2 5. 39 5 
100 
60.5 
93.7 
25. 4. 2 
7s. 9 2. 6 
71.4 2S.6 
42.3 50.0 
12.0 32.0 
aS.3 
N 
Xov., Dec. 
Oct., Xov. 
8.6 

100 
100 
inn 
o 
5.5 50.0 Mav 
6.0 60.0....". 
6.0 S7_9 Mar \nr 
56! 
P 
Q 
Xov 
35 71 7 81 i.0 92.9 
7 1 
35 7 
100 
R 
81.0 Tan -Anr 
19 6 2 4 8 -l" « 23 S 
"6L9 
40.0 
42.8 57.1 
42.^ 
68 
14. 3 
S 
T 
Xov 
...do 
...do 
10.0 
8.0 
90.5 
88. 
Jan.-Mar.. 
...do 
Mar., Apr. 
4.810.0 4.0 
8.0 6.0 4.0 
28.6 71.4 
12." 88.( 
12.0 88.0 
TT 
5. 96. 
100 
a Engine and gang plow. 
In sections where little vegetable matter is plowed under, a type 
of plow is often used which leaves the furrow slice on edge instead 
of completely turning it over. 
This practice of edging the fur- 
rows is very common where 1- 
horse plows (fig. 5) are used, as 
in the hill regions of Alabama 
and Mississippi, or where middle 
busters and listers are used for 
breaking, as in Kansas. Texas. 
and Oklahoma. 
The depth of breaking land is 
largely governed by the type of soil. Sandy or loam soils, unless 
underlain with stiff subsoil, are usually broken deeper than the heavy 
clay soils. 
The size of plows used is regulated by the type of farming prac- 
ticed, the topography, the type of soil, and the general prosperity 
and condition of the community. In the South Atlantic States crops 
are grown which require much hand labor. Loamy soils predominate 
Fig. 5. — A 1-horse turning plow, commonly 
used for breaking land in the Southern 
States. 
