18 
BULLETIN 320, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
ductive soils more time is given to preparing the land before planting 
than where the soil is less productive. 
Table VII. — Preparation of the seed bed for corn, showing tillage practices, 
implements used after plowing and before planting, and average number of 
workings in twenty-one regions of the United States. 
[The key letters under "Region covered" refer to counties and States as follows: A= Tipton, Ind.; B= 
Montgomery, Ohio; C=Mercer, N. J.; D= Moultrie, TIL: F.= Tama, Io —a; F= Kalamazoo, Mich.- G= 
Maury, Tenn.: H= Hartford, Conn.; 1= Bradford, Pa.; J=Chr:slian, Ky.: E!=Hami!ton, Nebr.; L= 
Rockwall and Gravson, Tex.; M=Scotland, N. C: N=Augusta, Va.: 0= Waushara, Wis.; P=Baies, 
Mo.; Q= Alexandria, X\C.: R= Oklahoma, Okla.: S= Tike, Ala.; T= Holmes, Miss.: Y= Russell, Kans.j 
Harrow. 
Turn- 
To lay oH rows. 
55 
Spike- 
tooth. 
Risk. 
Spring- 
tootii. 
Acme. 
Roller. 
Plank 
drag. 
ing 
plow 
for bed- 
ding. 
1-horse 
single- 
shovel 
plow. 
Lister. 
Other im- 
plements. 
> 
C 
u 
= 
o 
M 
- 
CD 
•J-. 
s 
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to 
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Per 
ct. 
4.o 
20.0 
14.4 
■x. 
| 
to 
Per 
ct. 

Per 
ct. 
ti 
s 
Per 
ct. 
44. S 
44.8 
6.2 
33.8 

< 
Per 
ct. 
16.1 
17.2 
1.8 
U.7 
fci 
g 
Per 
ct. 
13.8 
.0 
Per 
ct. 
M 
= 
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Per 
ct. 
.... 

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Per 
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a 
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Per 
ct. 

< 
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= 
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tx. 
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ca 

< 
to 
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A 
B 
Per 
ct. 
89.7 
Per 
Ct. 
33.3 
30 a 
Per 
ct. 
93.1 
G9.0 
65. C 
91.5 
92.0 
3.8 
100 
Per 
ct. 
3S.3 
32.4 
30.6 
50.0 
40 5 
Per 
ct. 
13.8 
41.4 
40.6 
p. 
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ct. 
Per 
ct. 
a 6.9 
PfT 
ct 
2.5 
2.8 
3 S 
C 
D 
E 
93.7.30.6 
91.5 38.3 
100 59.5 
53.816.1 
1 7 2G.8 
18.7 
7.3 
53.2 
15.3 

3.5 
3.0 
3 
F 
C, 
1.2 
65.9 
100 
49.4 
*6.*7 
36.0 
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18.0 
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6.7 
7.'i 
15 4 
33.3 
4 
.... 
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7 
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72.0 34.4 76.0 
28.6,11.3 3.6 
80 7 28 1 10 
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ioo" 
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60.7 
69.2 
56. 
14.3 
9.5 
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4.0 
*> 5 
T 
2.7 
12.5 
26. 5 
39.6 
4.2 
52. C 
9 7 
33.3 
IS. 4 
21.r 
8.0 
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1 =, 
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100 
100 
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63 7 
'85. "5 
54. '2 
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Q 
"R 
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5°. 4 38 7 
12.5 
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1 1 
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1 5 
9 
52.0 
38." 2 
l.'o 
2.-s|:::: 
To 
,:, 
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28.0 
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20.0 
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14.7 
r, 
T 
bibb" 
ioo" 
1.4 
a Six -horse combination harrow and drag. t Lister and planter combined. c Cultivators. 
METHODS OF PLANTING AND KINDS OF PLANTERS USED. 
Whether corn is planted level, on beds, or listed depends largely 
on climatic conditions and on the type of soil. Throughout the 
Central Western and Northern States corn is generally planted level. 
1 Table VIII.) Where land is poorly drained corn is sometimes 
planted on beds. In the Southern and Southwestern States, where 
light soils predominate and where hot and dry weather often pre- 
vails during the growing season, corn is frequently planted in the 
bottom of the furrow several inches below the surface level. This 
process is known as listing. This furrow is usually made with a 
double moldboard type of plow, known as a middle buster or lister 
(fig. 4) . which throws the dirt to both sides. In the Texas. Oklahoma, 
