56 
TThen the corn is up the field is usually harrowed once or twice 
with a spike-tooth harrow. After this most of the cultivating is 
done with a 1-horse -i-shovel cultivator. The 1-horse 2-shovel culti- 
vators are frequently used and occasionally 2-horse 6 and 8 shovel 
cultivators are found. Four or five workings are usually given. 
Considerable hand labor is used in chopping out weeds and replant- 
ing. Practically all the corn grown is of the white dent varieties. A 
few farmers grow crimson clover as a winter cover crop with good 
results. 
Commercial fertilizer is used only in small quantities and com- 
paratively little stable manure is produced. The most prevalent 
weeds are crab-grass, sheep sorrel, Spanish needle, cocklebur, and 
ragweed. 
SURVEYS IN OKLAHOMA COUNTY, OKLA. 
The tillage records for Oklahoma (Table XXVII) were taken in 
the prairie section of northwestern Oklahomr County, just west of 
Edmond. 
The county is divided into sections, and practically every section 
line is a public road. Through the prairie section these roads are in 
fair condition all the year except during very wet weather. 
Most of the farms are worked by the owners. As a rule the farmers 
have exceptionally good houses and outbuildings. 
The soil consists of a dark silt loam 10 to 20 inches deep, which 
grades into a heavier silty clay subsoil. The subsoil is almost im- 
pervious and affords poor drainage conditions. It is hard for the 
crop roots to penetrate this subsoil, and the crops suffer badly during 
either wet or dry weather. The country is rolling enough to afford 
good natural drainage, but not steep enough to interfere with the 
use of improved machinery. There is very little timber in this 
section, and practically all the land is in cultivation or grass. The 
farms are divided into large uniform fields of convenient shape. 
This is a comparatively new section, and the settlers came from 
all parts of the country and brought with them the methods which 
were employed in the locality from which they came, so the systems 
followed are not uniform. 
Very little fruit or truck is grown. A large part of the land is 
in pasture, and cattle and hogs are extensively raised. Xo set rota- 
tions are practiced. The principal crops grown are corn, wheat, 
oats, cotton, alfalfa, kafir, and milo. Unless seasons are very favor- 
able cotton does not yield well, but it is one of the principal money 
crops. Alfalfa is grown mostly on the bottom lands near streams. 
A few farmers are growing it with success by irrigation. This crop 
is often utilized in hog pastures. 
