18 
BULLETIN 46, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
vial terraces, sometimes standing 200 feet or more above the first 
bottoms of present streams. The soils consist principally of material 
washed from sandstone and shale soils, and on this account are some- 
what less productive than the Elk soils, which they closely resemble, 
but which contain more limestone material. The Holston soils are 
generally underlain by sandstone or shale, and in places the lower 
subsoil seems to be partly residual from these rocks. The soils give 
fair to good yields of corn, wheat, oats, grass, clover, and forage 
crops. The silt loam is the only type so far encountered in the State, 
and this to a very small extent. 
Meadow and Swamp constitute by far the larger part of the 
River Flood Plains which has been mapped so far in the State. Both 
are classed under miscellaneous material, as the material is too 
immature to classify with the soils. The meadow is subject to fre- 
quent overflow and is liable to change its character with the extent, 
volume, and velocity of the overflow. It, therefore, has not acquired 
a definite and persistent texture, which is one of the requisites of 
classified soil types. Furthermore, drainage is usually not yet well 
established and the material lacks that circulation of water and of 
air which is generally associated with classified soils. The Meadow 
is usually adapted to certain grasses, which often give valuable pas- 
turage or hay crops. The reclamation of many meadow areas may 
easily be accomplished by drainage, but in the case of others it may 
be necessary to protect them from overflow. 
The Swamp is still more immature than the Meadow, in that it 
rarely has any circulation of water or air, as do agricultural lands, but 
is under water much or all of the time and is unfit, in its natural 
condition, for farm crops. However, this may also be reclaimed and 
converted usually into very productive material, so that Meadow and 
Swamp may be considered valuable undeveloped resources of the 
State. 
Table showing the extent and location of each soil type encountered in the 
survey. 
Province and soil type. 
Key number 
Area of 
to report. 
type. 
Acres. 
1,2,3,6,8,11 
590, 282 
2,3 4 6,7,8,11 
354, 992 
4,8 
256, 704 
4,8 
147, 392 
1,7 
171,328 
7 
27,200 
2,4,7,8,11 
142, 430 
4 
3,840 
2,6.8.11 
59, 558 
1,7 
25, 664 
4,7 
23,232 
M 
6,976 
7 
1,280 
7 
512 
4 
14.464 
2,4 
4,032 
11 
8. 520 
Area of 
series. 
Piedmont Plateau soils: 
Cecil sandy loam 
clay 
Louisa loam 
fine sandy loam 
Chester loam 
sandy loam . . . 
Iredell clay loam 
fine sandy loam 
Durham sandy loam. . . 
Penn clay 
loam 
sandy loam 
stony loam 
gravelly loam. .. 
York fine sandy loam. 
loam 
Worsham sandy loam . . 
Acres. 
945, 274 
404, 096 
198,528 
146, 270 
59, 558 
18, 496 
S.520 
