DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE SOILS OF VIRGINIA. 17 
It is used mainly for corn and wheat and to some extent for fruits. 
The clay loam is adapted to the production of corn and pasture 
grasses. 
Huntington series. — The Huntington soils are light brown to brown 
and the subsoils yellow to light brown. In many cases there is little 
change in the color or character of the material from the surface 
downward. The soils are developed in the Limestone and Appalach- 
ian Mountain regions in the first bottoms of streams, where they 
are subject to overflow. They consist of material derived from 
limestone, sandstone, and shale soils. They represent the best- 
drained soils of the first bottoms of the region, and are admirably 
adapted to corn, oats, grass, forage crops, and, under proper climatic 
conditions, to cotton. 
The loam, when well drained and lying above high water, is well 
suited to corn, tomatoes, and other canning crops. The silt loam 
occupies a very small acreage. It is well adapted to corn, potatoes, 
and hay. Sorghum does well in some localities. 
Toxaway series. — The Toxaway soils are light brown to dark 
brown. The subsoils are yellowish brown to dark brown. This 
series occupies the first bottoms of streams in the southern Ap- 
palachian Mountains and consists of material derived from the 
soils of this region, principally from granitic, gneissic, and schistose 
rocks. They are largely subject to overflow. Along the outer mar- 
gins there is more or less influence from colluvial material from ad- 
joining slopes. The soils are especially adapted to corn, grass, oats, 
rye, cabbage, pumpkins, cucumbers, potatoes, and other vegetables. 
The fine sandy loam, the only type so far mapped in the State, is of 
very small extent. 
Altavista series. — The surface soils are gray, the subsoils yellow, 
mottled yellow and gray, or mottled yellow, gray, and red. The 
series is developed as well-defined to rather indistinct terraces along 
streams and lies above normal overflow. The soils are encountered 
in the Piedmont region and in the near-by Coastal Plains along 
streams issuing from the Piedmont. Typically the material is 
alluvial in origin, but in places near foot slopes some colluvial ma- 
terial has modified the alluvial deposits. In places also the subsoil 
appears to be at least partly residual in origin. The flatter areas 
need surface drainage. Tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, and grass do well. 
The fine sandy loam, the only type of this series which has been 
found in Virginia, is of very small extent. Upon the better-drained 
areas good yields of corn and hay are secured, and in some localities 
melons and vegetables are successfully produced. 
Hoist on series. — The Holston series consists of yellowish-brown to 
brown surface soils and yellow subsoils. It is developed on old allu- 
