16 
BULLETIN 46. U, S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
light fanning. The sand is essentially an early truck soil. It is 
especially adapted to watermelons, beans, and rye, but is too light 
for the profitable production of heavy farm crops. The clay loam has 
the smallest representation of any of the AYickham soils, but is the 
strongest soil of the series and is especially suited to corn, grasses, 
wheat, and oats. 
Congaree series. — The soils and subsoils of the Congaree series are 
brown to reddish brown, there being comparatively little change in 
texture, structure, and color from the surface downward. Occasion- 
ally grayish and yellowish mottling is encountered in the subsoil of 
the poorly drained areas. These soils are developed in the over- 
flowed first bottoms of the streams of the Piedmont region and in 
similar positions in the Coastal Plains along streams issuing from the 
Piedmont. The material is derived from the soils of the Piedmont 
region, with some admixture of Appalachian material, and in the 
Coastal Plains a slight mingling of 
Coastal Plains material. The soils 
are very productive, but are usually 
poorly drained, and crops are 
sometimes damaged by overflows. 
Extensive areas are under cultiva- 
tion to corn, oats, and forage crops; 
in the southern part of the State to 
cotton, and still farther south to 
sugar cane. 
The loam is well adapted to corn 
and grasses, and, where drainage 
is adequate, to wheat and oats. It 
produces an excellent natural pas- 
turage for summer grazing of cat- 
tle, and large yields of corn are secured without fertilizer. The fine 
sandy loam usually lies at slightly higher elevations than the Con- 
garee loam. It is adapted to corn, oats, and watermelons. 
Cvmbe/land series. — The surface soils are brown to yellowish 
brown in color, while the subsoils are yellow to reddish yellow. The 
series comprises high terrace soils in the Limestone region of the 
South. Many of the larger streams traversing the Limestone region 
formerly flowed at considerably higher levels, and this resulted in 
the formation of more or less distinct erosion terraces. Upon these 
terraces was deposited a thin stratum of alluvial material. The 
surface soils of this series are therefore partly alluvial, while the 
subsoils are residual from the underlying limestones. 
The gravelly loam is of limited extent. It is used to some ex- 
tent for corn, oats, and grasses. The loam also has a small acreage. 
-Relative area of River 
Plains soils. 
Flood 
