6 BULLETIN 46, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
of corn, wheat, clover, and grasses. Of these crops corn, clover, 
and grasses give the best returns. Apples do well on this soil and 
there are many small orchards on it. It is a soil which has to be 
handled with considerable care. The loam is used for the produc- 
tion of corn, wheat, grass, clover, apples, and small fruits. Grazing, 
stock raising, and dairying are practiced on a small scale. With 
judicious management good yields of corn, wheat, and grasses can 
be secured. The sandy loam is a small and unimportant agricultural 
soil. The greater part of it is in forest. This soil was formerly 
used for wheat and tobacco, but now corn and wheat are the principal 
crops grown. 
The Penn stony loam is of very limited extent and of little agri- 
cultural importance. When the stones are removed corn, wheat, and 
a few apples and small fruits are grown. The gravelly loam has a 
very small representation in the State. It will produce corn and 
wheat, but cultivation is difficult where the gravel is plentiful. 
York series. — The types included in the York series are gray to 
light gray at the surface and have yellow subsoils. They are derived 
from talcose and micaceous schists and imperfectly crystalline slates. 
The texture and structure of the soil are unfavorable to the mainte- 
nance of good tilth, as the surface bakes and checks readily, making 
cultivation difficult. Crop yields are generally low, and the soils are 
exceedingly difficult to improve. 
The York fine sandy loam is considered a thin soil, and small 
yields of tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats are secured. This soil is 
slightly less productive than the Louisa fine sandy loam. Heavy 
fertilization is necessary to produce profitable crops. The York 
loam is held in low esteem as an agricultural soil and practically 
none of it is under cultivation. 
Worsham seizes. — The soils of the TTorsham series are composed 
of light-gray surface soils and yellowish or mottled yellow. gr r > 
and red plastic clay subsoils. They occur throughout the Piedr ani 
region in comparatively small areas, in which, owing to the imper- 
viousness of the subsoils, the drainage is poorly established. The 
parent rocks consist principally of granite, gneiss, and associated 
formations. The agricultural value of these soils is low and they 
should be left in forest. 
The sandy loam, the only type so far mapped in the State, is of 
very small extent. This soil is suited to the production of orchard 
grass, herd's-grass, and timothy. On some small areas a heavy ship- 
ping tobaco is grown. 
Conowingo semes. — The Conowingo series is characterized by the 
grayish-yellow to brownish color of the soils and the yellowish color 
of the subsoils. Some areas mapped have a red subsoil and represent 
