60 BULLETIN 1039, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The yields of emmer have ranged from 24.5 bushels in 1912 to 88 
bushels per acre in 1918. with an average of 48.1 bushels of 32 pounds 
each per acre. The yields of Vernal emmer in pounds per acre for 
the five years from 1915 to 1919, inclusive, are shown in Table 
XL VIII (p. 65) . which gives a comparison of the yields of the grain 
crops. During this period Vernal emmer yielded an average of 
1,911 pounds per acre, Kubanka wheat 1,667 pounds, Chevalier II 
barley 2,016 pounds, and White Russian oats 1,852 pounds. Emmer 
is used as a feed crop and thus competes only with barley and oats. 
The results obtained at Xewell on irrigated land show that barley 
is a more profitable feed crop than emmer. and it also has a higher 
feeding value. 
WINTER EMMER AND SPELT. 
One variety of emmer (Buffum Black Winter) and one of spelt 
(Brown Winter) were grown on irrigated land along with the winter- 
wheat varieties in 1916 and 1917. Single plats of each were sown. 
During the winter of 1915-16 a part of these crops was winterkilled, 
so that the stands were thin. The emmer yielded at the rate of 425 
pounds and the spelt 100 pounds per acre. Kharkof winter wheat 
in the same series yielded 678 pounds per acre. The winter of 1916- 
17 was more severe, and both the emmer and spelt were almost en- 
tirely winterkilled. The plats were disked to destroy weeds. 
Kharkof winter wheat in the same series yielded 1.394 pounds per 
acre. Xeither winter emmer nor winter spelt are sufficiently hardy 
to be safely grown in western South Dakota. They yield less and 
are also less valuable than winter wheat. 
RYE. 
Two varieties of winter rye were grown in the experiments along 
with the winter-wheat varieties on irrigated land from 1915 to 1918, 
inclusive. The rye was sown at the rate of 5 pecks per acre. Winter 
rye is more hardy and consequently more certain than winter wheat. 
The yields obtained from the rye were less in pounds per acre than the 
wheat yields in all years. The average acre yield of the Swedish 
rye during the four years was 23.6 bushels of 56 pounds each, while 
Kharkof wheat during the same period averaged 32.6 bushels of 60 
pounds each. 
The Xorth Dakota Xo. 959 rye averaged onh T 0.9 bushel per acre 
less than the Swedish. This was partly due to the former being on 
poorer land in 1915. The Xorth Dakota Xo. 959 rye is probably the 
hardier, but both are sufficiently hardy for the climate at Xewell. 
The yields of rye in comparison with Kharkof winter wheat are 
shown in Table XLIV. 
