EFFECT; OF GRAZING' UPON ASPEN REPRODUCTION. 29 
gentle topography, and the forage is made up quite as much of 
herbaceous as of woody species, so that this type is fully as well 
suited to the grazing of cattle as of sheep. Moderate cattle grazing 
during the first three or four seasons following cutting would insure 
a satisfactory stand of timber, while at the same time the forage 
crop could be utilized to its full capacity and the profits from grazing 
left unimpaired. Furthermore, it is well known that a temporary 
change in the class of stock generally grazed on the lands materially 
increases and improves the forage, as the species relished by cattle 
may be quite different from those relished by sheep. This reverse of 
close cropping by cattle of species grazed lightly by sheep for many 
years and light cropping of the species previously weakened by 
continued close grazing would permit the species especially relished 
by sheep not only to regain their full vigor, but to reproduce abund- 
antly, and thus maintain themselves against competition with other 
species. Shifting from sheep to cattle for a three-year period, then, 
would accomplish two important things: (1) It would guarantee 
the establishment of a full aspen stand, and (2) it would improve the 
carrying capacity of the range for sheep grazing. 
Obviously on cattle range no change in grazing is required, pro- 
vided the lands are not too heavily stocked. Care should be taken, 
however, to have the stock properly distributed over the range at all 
times. This may best be accomplished by the proper location of 
salting grounds and watering places. Where the animals are 
inclined to drift on the lands so early in the season as to be forced to 
subsist on browse of second choice, such as aspen reproduction, in 
the absence of more choice feed, drift and division fences should be 
built to facilitate judicious distribution of the stock. 
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